Adjusting the mixture quality of the VAZ 2109 carburetor

The majority of VAZ cars of the Samara family, and in particular the VAZ-2109, came off the assembly line with a carburetor power system, and only later a small series received injectors. The carburetor system has a simple design and is quite reliable, but its main component, the carburetor, requires periodic adjustment. The VAZ-2109 and other models of the family were equipped with Solex carburetors, characterized by a relatively simple adjustment technology that every car enthusiast can perform.

There are two main carburetor settings - the fuel level in the float chambers and the engine speed at idle (idle). These adjustments are carried out when the engine is unstable at idle and when certain symptoms of improper operation of the power system appear:

These problems indicate that the fuel level in the chamber is not normal.

Setting the fuel level

Adjusting the amount of fuel in the chambers of Solex carburetors is a simple procedure and does not require specialized equipment. Although in the factory this adjustment is performed using a special template, which simplifies and speeds up the work. But at home you can do without this template. To carry out adjustment work yourself you need:

screwdrivers (phillips, flat);
ruler (preferably a caliper);
round rod with a diameter of 2 mm (wire or drill will do).

With such equipment you can quickly complete all work.

Recommended Method

Level control technology includes a number of stages:

We dismantle the housing of the air filter element. To do this, unscrew the fastening nut of the housing cover, unclip the latches, remove the cover, take out the filter and tighten the 4 nuts that secure the housing to the carburetor.
Raise the body and disconnect the rubber pipes. We move the body to the side.
Loosen the clamps securing the fuel pipes going to the carburetor and disconnect them.
Remove the wire suitable for the idle speed solenoid valve;
Disconnect the drive cable of the air damper (the “choke” handle);
Unscrew the 5 screws securing the carburetor cover;
Having removed the cover, we immediately determine the fuel level in the chambers by lowering a ruler or caliper into one of them until it stops (using its depth gauge). If the measurement shows a level of 25-26 mm, it corresponds to the norm and no adjustment is required;

If the amount of fuel in the chamber is lower or higher than normal, we perform a visual inspection and a series of measurements on the floats, and if necessary, we correct their position.

To carry out adjustment work, place the removed carburetor cover on a flat horizontal surface with the floats facing up.

First, we look at the position of the elements from above. The outer side surfaces of the floats are parallel to the special imprints on the gasket. Deviations can cause the floats to touch adjacent elements and surfaces, causing the fuel level to be incorrect. If necessary, adjust the position of the floats by bending their mounting arms. The next step is to measure the gap between the floats and the gasket. A rod with a diameter of 2 mm is useful here - this is how much the specified gap should be.

If it does not correspond, we bend the tongue of the floats, with which they act on the locking needle. After this adjustment, we check the total height of the floats, which is normally 34 mm. If this is not the case, check the gap again, adjust it if necessary and measure the height again.

The last stage of setup is determining the working stroke of the floats. To do this, place a caliper near the float, mark the distance from its lower corner to the surface of the cover, then lift the float with your hand and mark where the lower corner is.

A working stroke of 15 mm is considered normal; if it differs, it is adjusted by bending the tongue.

How to adjust Solex DAAZ 2108–1107–10

It is advisable to start the process of setting up and adjusting the performance of the carburetor mechanism from the float compartment. This is due to the fact that there is fuel here, the level of which must be strictly fixed. If the gasoline level is below or above normal, then adjusting other components becomes pointless.

Float adjustment

The adjustment procedure includes several steps:

First start the engine and let it run for 3 minutes, then turn it off.
Remove the air filter box and put it aside, as it prevents free access to the carburetor.
The first step is to disconnect the pipe through which gasoline is supplied from the Solex body.
Use a flathead screwdriver to unscrew the five screws on the cover to remove it.
Measure the distance from the edge of the float chamber to the fuel level. It should be equal to 25.5 mm. If there are differences, you will need to set the desired parameter by bending the float bracket.
You will also need to set the axis of the float so that it can move freely.
The adjustment of the float chamber and float is now considered complete.

Adjusting the starter

You can adjust the carburetor on the VAZ 2108 and 2109, as well as repair it yourself. This work should be performed on the carburetor, which has been removed from the engine and installed on a flat surface. If the trigger diaphragm was damaged, then it is necessary to initially replace it and only then begin adjustment work:

Turn the air damper adjustment lever and close it completely.
Lower the trigger rod with the blade of a screwdriver and hold it in this position.
Measure the width of the gap between the damper and the chamber wall. The existing indicator should be 1 mm. If this is not the case, then adjustments will be required.
You will need to loosen the lock nut, which is located on the surface of the accelerator pump, and at the same time turn the quality screw with a screwdriver. If you turn the screw in one direction, the gap will increase, and if you turn it in the other direction, it will decrease.
Measure the gap thickness again.
The air damper on the second chamber is adjusted using the same principle.

You can measure the gap width using a drill with a diameter of 1 mm

How to adjust idle speed

This procedure can only be carried out on a carburetor installed in the car, after the engine has warmed up well. In this case, the air filter will no longer impede access, so it remains in its place under the hood:

Turn off the engine.
Tighten the air-fuel mixture quality screw all the way, and then unscrew it no more than four turns.
Start the engine again, simultaneously turn on all the lighting, acoustics and heater to increase energy consumption.
Working with the quantity screw, you need to set the number of revolutions of the running motor to 750–800 per minute.
The quality screw sets the maximum idle speed - 900 rpm (in winter, this parameter can be increased to 1000 rpm).
After this, you will need to tighten the quality screw back until interruptions in engine operation are felt. At this moment you will need to stop and make one revolution back.

Adjusting the idle speed on the VAZ 2108/2109 is necessary to ensure that the car exhibits stable operation in the set mode without high consumption of the air-fuel mixture.

Alternative way

There is a simpler method for determining the correct position of the floats, which does not require measurements. Place the carburetor cover on a flat table and look at the stampings made on the side surfaces. When the floats are in a normally adjusted position, these strips are parallel to the lid.

Then we lift the floats up and look at their bottom, which after lifting should be parallel to the surface of the lid. If necessary, adjust the position of the floats by bending the tongue.

After adjustment work, we assemble the carburetor.

Idle speed adjustment

The second setting of the VAZ-2109 carburetor is idle speed, it can be partial or full. The first is for minor speed adjustments, the second is for adjusting the amount of air (setting CO emissions in the exhaust gases).

Partial adjustment is performed using the air-fuel mixture “amount” screw. This screw sets the opening angle of the throttle valves, which ensures that the air-fuel mixture enters the cylinders when the accelerator pedal is released. The “quantity” screw rests on the throttle valve control lever and when screwed in, it pushes the lever, causing the valves to open slightly.

Partial idle adjustment is performed with a warm engine and creating a load on the vehicle's on-board network by turning on the high beam headlights and the interior heater at full power. The adjustment is carried out with the engine running by screwing in/unscrewing the “quantity” screw until the optimal idle speed is established, which for the VAZ-2109 is 800-900 rpm (this can be tracked using a standard or plug-in tachometer).

If it is not possible to set the required speed or the motor operates unstably at it, a complete adjustment is made, which is made by two screws - “quantity” and “quality”.

The algorithm for this adjustment consists of the following stages:

Warm up the engine and then turn it off;
We find the quality screw (it may be closed with a plug that will have to be removed), screw it in until it stops, and then unscrew it 3-4 full turns;
We start the engine, turn on electrical consumers (lighting and stove) to create a load in the on-board network;
By rotating the “quantity” screw, we achieve 700-800 rpm on the tachometer;
By turning the “quality” screw, we set the maximum possible speed (they will increase to a certain level, and then stop. The moment the speed increase stops is considered the maximum);
We set the “quantity” screw to 900 rpm;
Using the “quality” screw we lower them to 800 rpm;
We slowly tighten the “quality” screw until interruptions appear in the operation of the power plant, after which we unscrew it back 1 turn;
We adjust the speed with the “quantity” screw, bringing it to a normal value - 800-900 rpm;

The design of the VAZ-2109 carburetor

The first front-wheel drive VAZ cars went into production in 1985. The Togliatti plant began producing three-door 2108 models equipped with a 1.3-liter gasoline engine. Somewhat later, conveyor production of 5-door “nines” was established, and new 1.1 and 1.5 liter engines (modifications 21081 and 21083) also appeared.

AvtoVAZ has developed its own carburetor for each engine size, but externally the CUs are practically no different from each other, the difference lies only in the metering elements located inside the body and the nameplate with the model designation. Unlike classic Ozones, Solexes have a body of only two parts, and not three - this is the main section with a platform for installation on the engine and the top cover.

The design of the VAZ-2109 carburetor has its own characteristics, but in general it contains the same parts as another similar unit for domestic passenger cars of the nineties and early two thousand. This HRSG is an emulsion type, two-chamber, with sequential opening of the chambers, for more stable operation it is equipped with liquid heating (antifreeze or antifreeze poured into the cooling system is used).

For full operation in any mode and optimal dosing of the air-fuel mixture, the following systems are provided:

the main dosing one is the main one, its elements are present in both chambers (air and fuel supply nozzles, diffusers, emulsion tubes);
idle speed (idle), ensures stable operation of the internal combustion engine at low speed, economical consumption of gasoline;
transition from the first chamber to the second, serves to prevent jerks and failures when the valve of the second chamber opens;
accelerator pump supplies an additional portion of fuel at the moment of sharp acceleration of the car, due to which the speed is gained smoothly, without jerking;
economizer, enriches the fuel mixture at high speeds of the internal combustion engine (ICE) and increased loads;
starting device allows the engine to start without problems in any cold weather:
float chamber maintains the required level of gasoline regardless of load and speed.

When parts of the carburetor unit wear out, become clogged or fail, various malfunctions appear, such as loss of power, uneven engine operation, increased fuel consumption, engine stopping when releasing gas, etc. Only a specialist can independently deal with all the intricacies of the repair, but many drivers are able to clean, adjust and tune the carburetor with their own hands.

Solex design

The carburetor mechanism of all modifications on the VAZ 2108/2109 is emulsion and consists of two internal combustion chambers. At the top of the carburetor there is a cover that prevents dirt from entering the cavity of the device, and fittings - fuel lines are supplied to them. The middle part is the body itself, into which diffusers and cameras are mounted. At the bottom of the carburetor are the float chamber and throttle valves.

The key elements of the system are:

accelerator pump;
float;
throttle thrust;
forced idle economizer;
main dosing system;
trigger mechanism;
econostat;
vehicle idle system.

The principle of operation of the Solex carburetor is that gasoline is supplied through the inlet valve in the fitting. The fuel is directed directly into the float chamber. The fuel level in the cavity must always be at a certain level to avoid dips and jerks in engine operation. Level control is carried out through the movements of a needle valve mechanism.

After the chamber, gasoline is sent to emulsion wells, where it is supplied in strictly limited quantities through fuel nozzles. It is in the wells that air flows break up large drops of gasoline, forming a single air-fuel mixture with it.

The mixture is supplied to diffusers, and through them to the power unit device. Thus, the main task of the carburetor is to form the air-fuel mixture in the desired consistency and direct it to the engine.

The interaction of many elements ensures smooth operation of the motor

Removing and installing the carburetor

Installation and dismantling is carried out in case of repair of this unit, its complete replacement, as well as for thorough washing and cleaning. The AHU can become clogged if the car is driven on dusty roads, as well as as a result of untimely replacement of the air filter element.

Removing and installing a VAZ-2109 carburetor is very simple; even with the initial skills of a car mechanic, almost any driver (car owner) can do such work with his own hands. We perform the dismantling operation as follows:

turn off the ignition, open the hood, remove the top cover, the filter element, then unscrew the four nuts securing the air filter housing (AFC);
loosening the clamps, disconnect the fuel hoses, unscrew the two fastenings of the choke cable, move the cable to the side, disconnect the wire chips of the solenoid valve and the throttle valve closing sensor;
We also disconnect the throttle cable, having previously removed the return spring, the ignition angle advance hose, and unscrew the nuts securing the carburetor itself (also 4 pieces);
in order not to lose antifreeze and not to disconnect the coolant pipes, it is easier to unscrew the screw securing the heating unit, but it is located at the back of the housing, not in the most accessible place;
in this case, lift up the unscrewed carburetor, move it forward, find a position in which it would be convenient to dismantle this fastener;
Now nothing prevents you from removing the entire assembly.

If the KU is thoroughly stuck to the studs and does not pull off, you can gently tap it at the base with a small hammer and shake it with your hands from side to side. As a rule, after several attempts the device gives in; after removing it, you can begin further planned operations; installation of the unit is carried out in the reverse order.

How to flush a carburetor assembly without disassembling it

Flushing the Solex carburetor is recommended by the manufacturer in cases where there are clearly any problems with its operation: increased gasoline consumption, jerks and jolts when driving, unstable idle speed, problems with starting.

The traditional method of washing carburetors is to completely disassemble them into individual components, which is not always possible for an inexperienced VAZ owner to do. To simplify the procedure, a technique was created for washing and cleaning the carburetor without disassembling it into components. This technique is based on the use of special aerosols in cans. The most affordable carburetor cleaners are considered to be aerosols produced by ABRO and Mannol - they can be bought at any auto store for 100–150 rubles.

These cleaners do an excellent job of cleaning carburetor mechanisms, and they are also very easy to use. To flush the Solex carburetor, it is recommended to turn off the engine, let it cool and begin the procedure:

Remove the air filter box from the car and place it to the side.
Unscrew the solenoid valve from the carburetor body.
Place a special narrow nozzle on the aerosol can and spray the liquid on the nozzle channels, the first and second chambers, dampers and all visible elements of the carburetor.
After this, spray the aerosol on the external parts of the mechanism.
Wait 5–8 minutes (depending on the aerosol manufacturer’s recommendations). During this time, the liquid will be able to corrode accumulations of soot and dirt.
Next, you can start the engine so that it removes all remaining dirt.
If during one procedure the carburetor did not have time to be properly cleaned, then you can treat it again with the same aerosol.

After such cleaning, the VAZ 2108/2109 will significantly increase its dynamic characteristics, since the accumulation of dirt will not interfere with the normal operation of all parts of the carburetor.

Video: how to clean the carburetor on a VAZ with your own hands and without removing it from the car

How to replace carburetor parts

Replacing the float, accelerator pump diaphragm, and seals is not particularly difficult. Most often, during repairs, repair kits selected for the type of carburetor are used, which include everything necessary to replace the elements.

The replacement procedure is not regulated in any way: it is enough to remove the damaged part and install a new one in its place. The main criterion: the identity of the elements when replaced.

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Basic faults

Any malfunctions of the 2109 carburetor affect the performance of the engine: the engine may stall when the speed is reduced, run intermittently, not develop power, and consume gasoline beyond the norm. There are many reasons for problems with this unit, but the most typical of them are:

clogging of the HDS and idle jets, both air and fuel, and in the solenoid valve (EMV);
rupture (defect) of the accelerator pump diaphragm;
failure of the EMG itself;
loose fit of the locking mechanism needle to the seat;
air leakage through the junction of the body and the cover;
leakage of the float in the float chamber;
clogging of the accelerator pump nozzle with dirt;
misadjustment of screws XX.

Of course, various types of malfunctions can occur not only due to the carburetor, the engine itself is often faulty, and the ignition may also be set incorrectly, especially if the installation was carried out by an inexperienced technician without a strobe light. Problems with idle speed can occur due to a lack of power to the solenoid valve, so before disassembling the HRV, you should first check for voltage on this wiring.

Reasons why candles flood

This question worries owners of carburetor cars much more often than owners of injection cars. This happens especially often in winter. There are several reasons for this malfunction:

In order to mix the working mixture in the winter, much more effort is required than in the summer. To avoid this problem, it is necessary to fill the engine with high-quality oil, keep the battery fully charged, and also monitor the serviceability of the starter;
the engine is very worn out;
Poor quality spark plugs or spark plug wires.

Adjusting the fuel level in the float chamber

Maintaining a normal level of gasoline in the float chamber is an important condition; if it is not met, malfunctions in the operation of the car occur:

if the level is below normal, the engine does not have enough speed, power decreases, and gasoline consumption increases;
if it is higher than required, fuel consumption also increases, and even more.

Setting the fuel level for the VAZ-2108-09-099 is quite simple, and in this case it is not at all necessary to remove the carburetor. The procedure for adjusting the position of the floats is as follows:

remove the KVF assembly with the filter element;
disconnect the choke cable, fuel hoses, EMG power cable;
unscrew the five screws securing the carburetor cover;
turn the lid over, take a drill with a thickness of 1 to 2 mm and take a measurement between the gasket and the lower surface of the floats - this distance should be exactly within these limits, and the same.

You can also measure the fuel level, but before carrying out such a procedure, it is necessary for the engine to idle for several minutes. The distance from the upper edge of the housing to the surface of the gasoline is measured; according to factory conditions, it should be 25-26 mm. Another way is to measure the distance from the gasket to the top edge of the floats with a caliper; it is 34 mm (with the cover upside down).

Another measurement method is using a specially made template.

Important conditions when setting the level:

the floats must be located parallel to each other, along the lid;
they are installed strictly vertically, without distortions;
when lifting the float pair all the way up, the distance from their lower corners to the gasket should be within 15 mm;
the adjustment of the extreme positions during adjustment is carried out by bending the tabs on both sides;

If the floats inside the chamber are installed skewed or not strictly vertical, they may rub against the walls of the housing, causing gasoline to overflow as a result of sticking.

Reassembling the Solex in reverse order

Installation of the carburetor mechanism on the intake manifold is possible after washing and repair, as well as some adjustment steps. It is important to connect all fuel and other hoses correctly so that there are no problems with engine operation. The DAAZ 2108–1107–10 carburetor is assembled in the following order:

A gasket is applied to the installation site. It serves to reliably connect two units - the carburetor and the intake manifold.
After this, the carburetor itself is threaded onto the studs and secured with four nuts.
After the assembly has been carefully attached, hoses can be connected. The first step is to connect the vacuum and ventilation hoses.
Next, the heating block is screwed to the carburetor.
On one side, the fuel supply pipe is connected, on the other, the return hose for supplying excess fuel.
The EPHH drive wire is connected to the corresponding screw.
To complete the work, you can screw two wires (air and throttle valves) to the screws.

The strict connection sequence is due to the design features of the carburetor

After installing the carburetor, it is recommended to turn on the ignition and check the performance of the engine unit. If oil or fuel leaks occur at the hose connections, turn off the ignition and carefully check all connections.

All work that a car owner performs to maintain his car must be conscious. There is no need to disassemble the carburetor and replace its parts unless there are obvious signs of malfunction. In addition, when self-adjusting, it is necessary to adhere to clear rules of action. Both poor-quality repairs and incorrect adjustments can seriously affect the performance of the carburetor.

Idle speed adjustment

The most common problem with a Solex carburetor is the disappearance of normal idle speed; the engine begins to operate intermittently at low speeds. Very often, the cause of such a malfunction is either a clogged EMG jet or the solenoid valve itself. It is very easy to check this - while the engine is running at idle, we disconnect the wiring from the EMG; if the nature of the internal combustion engine does not change at all, and when the valve is unscrewed, the speed increases noticeably, then the defect is present.

You can try to restore normal operation of the XX without removing the entire assembly, and this procedure is quite simple:

With the engine off, remove the air filter with housing:
disconnect the EMG wire, unscrew the valve itself;
we start the engine, plugging the “idle” channel with a finger, “accelerate” several times;
we stop the engine, do not forget to blow out the EMG and its nozzle using a compressor or hand pump, separating these parts from each other;
we put the parts in place, do a test start of the internal combustion engine: if the idle speed has stabilized, and when the wiring was removed, the speed changed, it means that the reason was precisely the blockage, and now the idle speed has “returned to normal.”

But it is not always possible to clean the channel in this way; specks may get stuck in the area of the quality screw. Here you already need to remove and disassemble the carburetor, dismantle the screw, which in general is not very difficult, since it is located deep in the channel and is held there by a rubber sealing ring.

Why do the revs fluctuate?

This is also a common problem that begins to appear in a car after a significant mileage. To check, turn on the idle speed of the car, and then turn on the various mechanisms in turn. If you see that the speed is floating, it means that the problem needs to be solved. One of the causes of the malfunction may be a short circuit.

Another problem is that the idle speed has disappeared. As a rule, there are three reasons for this - clogged nozzle, burnt out or lack of power to the solenoid valve. If the idle speed disappears, check this first.

Setting up and adjusting the VAZ 2109 carburetor is quite easy and solves many of the above problems, including reducing fuel consumption, but if you go to a car repair shop it will cost a significant amount of money. It is more convenient to carry out the work with an assistant, this will reduce the time spent. No special tools or equipment are required. If repairs are required, it is better not to do them yourself, but to contact specialists.

In order for carburetor repairs to be required as rarely as possible, you need to use high-quality fuel for the car.

Regularly lubricate quality screws and choke cables. The cables still need regular replacement.

Adjusting the ignition angle

Sluggish acceleration of the car and instability of the idle speed are also often associated with incorrectly set ignition; this procedure is mainly carried out in car repair shops using special equipment. But if you wish, it’s easy to make the adjustment yourself, and without a strobe, and quite accurately:

with the engine stopped, loosen the three nuts securing the distributor (the third fastening is located at the bottom, it is not visible from above);
we start the car, turn the distributor-distributor clockwise (to “+”), and if the ignition was late, the idle speed will increase noticeably;
we select the optimal position of the distributor (the operation of the internal combustion engine should be smooth, without failures), reduce the speed using the quantity screw, turn off the engine, fix the distributor-distributor with one nut for now, and check the results of the ignition adjustment on the fly.

If, under heavy load and sharp acceleration, your fingers begin to noticeably “knock” (engine detonation appears), you should move the distributor a little to “minus”, then check the car again while driving. This way you can set the ignition quite accurately, and sometimes even better than with a strobe light.

What to do if the spark is lost?

The peculiarities of our climate and roads provoke a situation where the spark is lost and the engine does not start.

The reasons why the spark is lost are usually the following:

The switch is not working properly;
The Hall sensor is not functioning correctly;
The ignition coil has failed;
Contacts are oxidized or dirty;
There was a breakdown of the high-voltage wire;
The ignition switch is not working properly and needs repair.

There is another reason, the consequence of which is that the spark has disappeared - the spark plugs, or rather the contacts, have become black from soot. The spark may be lost if the ignition timing of the carburetor is set incorrectly. There may be more reasons why the spark disappears and the engine does not start; you need to check the carburetor for malfunctions and, if necessary, carry out repairs.

Features and malfunctions of the starting device

With the onset of frost, many owners of “nines” are faced with the problem of poor cold starting of the engine, and the cause of the malfunction is often the starting device (PU), which is designed to enrich the fuel mixture in a certain proportion. When the choke cable is pulled, the air damper closes, but under the influence of vacuum it changes its position, opening slightly and to some extent allowing air to pass into the carburetor. The position of the air intake is also adjusted using a diaphragm device, which is mechanically connected to the damper by a system of rods.

Quality screw removal method

With Solex carburetors, the XX channel in the body itself often becomes clogged, and in order to clear it thoroughly, it is necessary to remove the quality screw. But this screw, as mentioned above, has a very tight fit and is not easy to get out. There are several methods for dismantling a part; we will consider only one option.

We take a piece of an old antenna from any radio receiver, select the outer diameter so that the tube fits into the channel of the carburetor body, usually the outer thickness of the “puller” is about 4 mm. We cut off a small piece, make a cut at one end (about 1 cm deep), use another quality screw (a spare one, or you can buy it specially in a store), and check how tightly the tube fits onto the head of the screw.

Now you can unscrew the screw and use a homemade puller to remove it from the KU body.

Adjusting carburetors is a delicate process and requires some caution. In order to obtain the desired result, the idle speed is usually adjusted. So, here is a standard carburetor for a VAZ 2109:

The “quantity” and “quality” screws with which the carburetor is calibrated are clearly visible here.

Fine adjustments are not made with the engine running. This is important - don't forget. What to do:

Warm up the engine and turn it off.
Take the mixture quality screw. First you need to tighten it to the limit. Then unscrew it four or five turns. As a result, we get a completely enriched mixture.
Next, we do the same with the quantity screw, but unscrew it three turns.
The preheated engine can now be started.
Using the quantity screw you need to adjust the idle speed. The limit is 800 rpm.
Now, slowly tighten the mixture quality screw. An important point is that the gas distribution mechanism, ignition and the carburetor itself must be in good working order!
We adjust the speed further. They will grow a little at first. Then they will become less stable. As you continue to tighten the screw, they will become smaller. As soon as you notice that the speed is unstable, you can unscrew the screw half a turn.
Next, we correct the speed using the quantity screw. Don't forget to check the number of revolutions under increased loads - with the oven on, for example. In winter, even from the usual 850 rpm, you should raise it to 1000.

Preliminary work

Although our primary task is to adjust the VAZ 2109 carburetor, we need to start cleaning the unit from carbon deposits and dirt. Often plaque is the cause of the problem, so you will need a good cleaning agent. In the auto supply store you can find various chemicals for such needs; You need to ask specifically for the carburetor. WD 40 is not suitable for cleaning due to the abundance of oil in the composition.

In addition to chemistry, the following items will also be useful to you:

Small stiff brush. In extreme cases, a toothbrush or even toothpicks will do.
Rubber and fabric gloves. You can take two pairs of rubber ones - just in case, because cleaning products are very aggressive.
Set of keys and screwdrivers.
User manual for VAZ 2109 with Solex circuit.
A can of compressed air for blowing parts.

What is the spray can for? The fact is that the nozzle channels are very narrow, which is why mechanical cleaning using narrow tools will be useless, but a powerful directed air stream is suitable for such a task.

You need to carefully clean both the outside and inside of the carburetor. Fastenings - screws and bolts, put them in separate boxes, they should also be processed and blown out at the end.

Be sure to remove all rubber parts from the assembly, otherwise the chemical will simply dissolve them. The same should be done with plastic. Only metal parts need to be treated with the cleaner. This is done in two stages:

The chemical is applied, after which you need to wait 10 minutes.
When the coating has partially dissolved, you need to rinse the parts and housings under running water.

If any deposits remain, they can be easily removed with a toothpick, stick or brush. The last stage of cleaning is drying.