The fuel pump on VAZ 2110 cars is an important element of the car’s fuel system. It is responsible for pumping gasoline from the tank to the engine under pressure. Due to the poor quality of gasoline, this element very often fails, which in turn significantly affects the unstable operation of the vehicle’s internal combustion engine.
In today’s article I will tell you about the main reasons for the fuel pump malfunction, how to understand that it is the one that has failed, and I will give step-by-step instructions for dismantling and installing this element of the car.
Design of the VAZ 2110 fuel pump for injection and carburetor car models
Two types of fuel pumps are installed on VAZ 2110 cars, depending on the type of car engine. The first type, mechanical, is installed mainly on carburetor models, the second type is electrical, which are installed on inverter tens.
Mechanical fuel pumps, which were installed on the first modifications of the VAZ 2110/2112, have a simple design. It is based on a set of membranes made of special rubberized fabric that is resistant to the chemical action of gasoline. The pump body has two valves: inlet and outlet. The membranes are driven by a rod (pusher). It is driven by a cam mechanism rotated by a camshaft.
Such a mechanical fuel pump can serve for decades until the drive rod wears out or one of the membranes breaks. And even then, if this happens, you can replace these elements in half an hour.
With an electric fuel pump, things are much more complicated. Its design is based on a small electric motor. It is no different from a regular one, although it works completely immersed in gasoline. The pressure in the system here is created not by a membrane (although there are such pumps), but by a specially shaped impeller mounted on the electric motor shaft.
The VAZ 2110 fuel pump is located directly in the car’s tank.
The service life of the electric fuel pump is 150–200 thousand km. But it can fail much earlier. The main cause of breakdowns when the resource is not used up is additives added to gasoline, as well as various kinds of mechanical impurities. The former destroy the brushes and commutator, while the latter clog the valve mechanisms.
Where is he located?
This device is located in the fuel line or in the fuel tank. Thanks to this placement, the risk of losses is significantly reduced due to the absence of suction lines.
The design of the electric pump assumes the presence of the following elements:
- Electric motor.
- Pump housed in a metal casing.
In other words, this device consists of an electric drive and a pump part. All its components are in direct contact with the fuel. In addition to the above elements, the module of this device also includes a fuel flow sensor, a fuel intake and a strainer.
And the part we are considering operates due to the presence of two valves - a check valve and a pressure reducer. The first locks the system when the engine stops operating. The second one performs the function of maintaining pressure in the system, while part of the fuel is transferred back to the inlet.
There are several types of electric pumps based on their design:
Causes of malfunction
During operation, VAZ 2110 car owners may encounter some difficulties associated with this element. Malfunctions of the VAZ 2110 injector fuel pump can be as follows:
- element failure due to breakdown;
- a dirty tank or low-quality gasoline with foreign inclusions that contaminate the pump filter.
The very first sure indication that the VAZ 2110’s fuel pump is faulty is the following symptom: the engine “jerks” during operation , especially at medium and high speeds . This indicates that the fuel pressure is insufficient. But this is precisely what the fuel pump is responsible for. But sometimes the reason should be sought in the injectors , as well as the RTD.
Fuel pump VAZ 2110 disassembled (in the photo you can see the dirt in the glass)
There are main signs of a malfunction of the VAZ 2110 injector fuel pump, in which you should definitely take action to check this component:
- A loud noise that the element has not previously made.
- The vehicle refuses to gain speed and also does not move when engaging first or second gear.
- The car moves jerkily and behaves strangely on the road.
- The engine suddenly stopped running.
Each of the VAZ 2110 fuel pump malfunctions must be carefully considered in order to understand what to do if you encounter them.
Fuel coarse mesh in the fuel pump - why is it needed?
While driving, shifting into third or fourth gear and then pressing the gas pedal, there is no increase in power.
Additionally, a clogged grille can cause the engine's revs to drop while driving because the required amount of fuel simply isn't getting into the combustion chambers.
When to change the screen in the fuel pump?
The filter located in the gas pump, in the presence of dirt on it, subject to mandatory exchange, the price is not very good for this. However, if you find yourself in a situation where purchasing a new item is simply not an option, you can wash it.
Please note that the effect of cleaning the gas pump mesh will be temporary, and the exchange should be carried out as soon as possible
How to check the fuel pump on a VAZ 2110
If the gas tank is full, the battery is in normal condition, the spark plugs are dry and give a spark, and the starter turns the engine, then the reason is the fuel pump. A more common reason is that after turning on the ignition, power does not flow to the fuel pump.
Assembling the fuel pump VAZ 2110 (installing the insert)
In the same way, it manifests itself when the car is moving, when power is lost and the engine begins to stall. Another important aspect is the supply of the required amount of fuel.
Step-by-step instructions for checking a mechanical fuel pump
First of all, let’s check whether the supply system of your VAZ 2110 is working at all. To do this, you need to take the following steps:
- Remove the pump fuel hose from the source or discharge fitting;
- Manually press the fuel pump lever several times;
- If the pump is operational, a strong stream of fuel will immediately flow through the fitting;
- If there is no jet or it is very weak, it will be necessary to carry out other checks.
Next, check the operating condition of the intake valve:
- Disconnect the hose from the suction fitting so that both hoses are eventually removed, each from its own fitting.
- Simply plug the suction fitting with your finger, then pull the lever several times to manually pump fuel. If everything works fine, your finger will begin to be sucked into the fitting. This effect indicates that the pump is working properly. Therefore, we look for the problem in the tank or lines.
- If there is no suction, you will have to disassemble the device to replace the inlet valve. Its tightness is most likely broken.
The next step is to check the VAZ 2110 fuel pump for leaks for this:
- Place your finger on the hole from the injection fitting and pump up the fuel several times using manual pumping;
- In this case, a stream of air should come out of the hole, significantly repelling the pressed finger;
- If the stream turns out to be weak or does not exist, the fuel pump simply does not pump.
In this situation, there are two options - look for the problem inside the fuel pump device, disassembling the pump, or change the entire unit.
Step-by-step instructions for checking the electric fuel pump VAZ 2110
To check the electric fuel pump on a VAZ 2110, you will need an indicator sold in any car store. The installation of the indicator, in each specific case, should be done in accordance with the instructions that come with it. Then the engine is started and, after a few minutes, it is turned off. After this, the indicator readings are studied: normally, the pressure should not drop below 1.6 atm. – otherwise, you will have to replace either the injector or the regulator.
You can also check the fuel pump using a pressure gauge. It is connected directly to the fuel rail, and the device itself is connected to the windshield of the car (this is done under the edge of the hood).
The process of checking the pressure in the fuel pump VAZ 2110
As soon as the ignition is turned on, it is necessary to take the pressure gauge readings (they should not exceed 380 kPa and be less than 300 kPa). After accelerating the car (it would be optimal to do this up to 3rd gear), you again need to take the pressure gauge readings, which, if the fuel pump is working, should not vary much and go beyond the specified range.
If the car stalls while driving, first of all, check the relay on the fuel pump. This procedure consists of connecting a special light bulb to the fuel pump connector. After this, turn on the ignition. If the light stays on for a few seconds, then the fuel pump relay is working properly.
If fuel starts to leak, you just need to change the filters or gaskets. It may also be necessary to replace the diaphragm, or, in rare cases, valves.
Remember that extreme care must be taken when working with the fuel system. It is best to immediately go to specialists who know exactly how to check the fuel pump quickly and efficiently.
Description of the work
The location of the VAZ 2110 fuel pump nozzle is in the gas tank located under the car, next to the rear seat. It can be accessed from the cab, so inspection cameras and other additional devices are not required. The only tools you need are:
- Open-end wrench 13 and 17 mm;
- Crosshead screwdriver;
- 7 mm socket wrench.
You can use a small wrench instead of a 7mm tubular wrench, but this will be inconvenient and take longer. Before starting any repair work, the rear seat must be completely removed and pulled out to gain access to the gas tank. There are two more preliminary steps that are performed in the space under the hood.
- Unscrew the nut securing the negative terminal of the battery, remove the clamp with the cable.
- Relieve pressure in the fuel line. At the end of the ramp, near the outer nozzles, there is an outlet valve with a rubber plug on it. After removing and installing the plastic cap, press down on the valve stem. From there, fuel flows and the pressure in the system drops.
Under the bottom of the rear seat there is a square hatch for access to the gas tank and must be removed. The disassembly procedure is as follows.
- Using a Phillips screwdriver, remove the 2 bolts securing the hatch cover, remove it and set it aside.
- Disconnect the fuel pump electric drive plug and move it to the side so that it does not interfere.
- Loosen and use a wrench to unscrew the 2 nuts that secure the fuel lines to the fuel pump fittings.
- Pull the pipes out of their places. The round rubber rings at the ends should be removed and replaced with new ones as they are for one-time use only.
- Using a long tubular wrench, unscrew the 8 nuts holding the flat ring that presses the VAZ 2110 fuel pump to the bottom surface. Remove the collar from the pins.
- There is a rubber gasket on the studs under the clamping part of the body. The latter must be removed from the studs, otherwise it will not be possible to pull out the fuel supply device. Then you need to carefully remove the fuel pump from the tank cavity along with the float. If the rubber gasket is worn out. If it is not in good condition, it is better to replace it.
Removing the assembly will cause gasoline to leak, so place a rag under the assembly and quickly move the fuel pump outward, positioning it over a wide pan. The filter is located at the end of the suction tube and is secured with a plastic ring. It can be removed manually.
If the ring is firmly glued to the pipe, it is recommended to pry it off, for example, with a flat-head screwdriver. Then a new mesh is inserted and secured by manually pressing it until it stops. Now you can begin reassembling in reverse order. There is an arrow stamped on the top of the device that should point towards the rear of the car.
We recommend that all connections be lightly tightened. To avoid distortion when tightening the 8 nuts of the clamping flange, a star diagram is used.
If you need to replace the fuel pump on a ten-meter VAZ, or repair it, the system is disassembled as described. When replacing, remove the float and level sensor from the device and transfer them to the new pump. The entire procedure, if carried out in conjunction with replacing other consumables, will take you no more than half an hour.
Choosing a fuel pump for the top ten - what to look for
When choosing a fuel pump for a VAZ 2110, confusion often occurs between the concepts: the fuel pump module and the fuel pump itself. In the first case we are talking about the assembly structure, which we remove from the tank, in the second case we are talking about the fuel pump motor .
The choice of a fuel pump is carried out according to the following criteria: reliability and quiet operation, because the quieter the pump operates, the more comfortable it is to use.
When choosing a fuel pump, you must purchase the same product with the same part number. Often, among many analogues, car enthusiasts highlight the Bosch fuel pump, which is used on 1.6-liter cars and is equipped with a fuel level pressure regulator.
If everything has been checked, but the fuel pump does not work - article numbers
In general, the pump article number for VAZ-2112 engines looks like this: 21102-1139009-XX. Instead of the letters XX there are numbers, for example 02 or 03. They indicate the manufacturer. So, modules from different factories are not interchangeable! The resistance of the FLS resistor is different in them. However, when replacing the FLS sensor, you can borrow it from the “old” module. That's what they usually do.
Until April 2002, article numbers of the type 2112-1139009 were used.
Almost every module available for purchase contains a built-in pressure regulator. There are also exceptions - KSZC-A243, for example. The meaning is as follows:
- All internal combustion engines with a volume of 1.5 liters are equipped with a ramp with an “external” regulator (2112-1160010);
- The 21124 or 21114 motor requires a built-in regulator.
In conjunction with 1.5 liter engines, you can use any module – both with and without a built-in regulator.
Designations of analogues
- 21102-062213.0XX – instead of the letters XX there will be a plant designation (07, 13, etc.);
- KSZC-A233 or A243 – KSZC brand. No pressure regulator .
Bosh fuel pump for VAZ 2110 – pros and cons performance and characteristics
The manufacturer Bosch produces its own fuel pump for each type of fuel system. Why, after the original fuel pump fails, do people install a Bosch fuel pump from a VAZ 2110? How does the pressure and performance of the fuel pump compare with the original one? If you put it with high pressure, will the flow rate increase?
Consumption does not increase due to the performance of the fuel pump, since on cars the return line is activated and excess fuel is returned to the tank, there is also a fuel pressure regulator, from the name it is clear, I think what function it performs.
Consequently, there was a 2.8 bar pump, they installed a Bosch VAZ 2110 fuel pump with 3.8 bar and it will only get better. Fuel consumption may increase if the fuel pump does not create sufficient pressure in the rail and the injectors begin to pour gasoline, which does not burn, rather than spray.
Photo: Bosh fuel pump is recommended for installation on domestic car models, including the VAZ 2110
Most often, the characteristics of gasoline pumps (not only Bosch, but also from other manufacturers) may differ in length, pressure, location of terminal chips, and that’s it. The fuel pump mesh does not differ in seating, but it may differ in shape.
The chip for the terminal can be remade or supplied from the same VAZ. The length of the fuel pump is important, since its operation depends on this when the fuel level in the tank is low, and if it is in the module, then you need a match to install it.
Signs of a relay failure
The operation of the relay is important for the entire vehicle. If the part fails, the engine may not start at all or stall. In some cars, the fuel supply system is designed in such a way that even if the relay breaks down, the fuel pumps continue to operate, but the amount of fuel consumed can increase significantly. Do not neglect the problem if it occurs, as this can lead to failure of the fuel pump. The main signs of a relay failure are:
- The engine does not start because there is no fuel supplied to the system.
- A constant hum from the fuel pump means the relay is not turning it off. Such a malfunction leads to excessive fuel consumption, battery discharge and premature wear.
- The HP operates even when the motor reaches the maximum permissible speed.
All these signs are quite easy to detect, so there are no difficulties when replacing the relay to further normalize the operation of the car.
How to replace the fuel pump on a VAZ 2110 with your own hands - step-by-step instructions
In order to replace the fuel pump on a VAZ 2110, you must perform the following procedure:
- Disconnect the negative battery terminal;
- Relieve the residual pressure in the fuel rail using a special fitting;
- The “tens” fuel pump is located under the rear seat of the car. We recline the seat and unscrew the protective cover;
- Disconnect the electrical terminal block of the pump, unscrew the fuel supply and drain lines.
- The rubber gaskets for the tips of the lines should be replaced;
- On a VAZ 2112, the fuel pump is held in place by eight bolts on an O-ring with a lining
- All you have to do is remove the old fuel pump and install a new one according to the indicating arrow on the body of the product.
As you can see, removing and installing a fuel pump on a VAZ 2110 is a simple procedure that does not require any special skills from you.
Replacement
It is necessary that the gasoline level is no more than half the volume of the tank. Next we proceed like this:
- Disconnect the negative battery;
- Removing the back seat;
- Remove the cover from the hatch;
- Disconnect the electrical connector;
- We remove the fuel supply pipe by unscrewing the fitting;
- We do the same with the drain pipe;
- Remove the clamping ring (it is secured with nuts 7);
- Carefully remove the float from the hole in the tank, remove the electric fuel pump along with the fuel level sensor;
- Using a screwdriver, disconnect the fuel level sensor;
- We remove the clamps and remove the fuel pump itself from the guides;
- Reinstalling a new Bosch pump is simple and straightforward.
You just need to consider a few points:
- If you installed not a new, but a refurbished pump on a VAZ injector, lubricate the centering bushings (WD-40 grease is usually used);
- The fuel pump with a fuel sensor is installed in the tank so that the arrow on the flange faces the rear of the car;
- Be sure to check that all o-rings are intact, but it is best to replace them with new ones.
After replacement, start the engine and check what pressure the fuel supply system produces and whether there are any leaks.
Prevention and useful tips
For trouble-free operation and increasing the life of the fuel pump, professionals recommend:
- refuel only with high-quality fuel;
- maintain the maximum fuel level in the tank;
- do not use a car with a discharged battery;
- promptly replace the fuel filter;
- use sport driving mode less often.
Self-diagnosis and replacement of the fuel pump is quite simple. To do this, you just need to carefully follow the recommendations of professionals. The same applies to preventive measures. Refuel with high-quality gasoline and do not forget to replace the fuel filter on time. Then you will have problems with the fuel pump much less often.
Roller
This device sucks in gasoline and pumps it through the operation of the rotor and the movement of special rollers. When the space between these two parts increases, a vacuum is created. Thanks to this, the fuel fills all the empty space. When it is completely filled, the gasoline supply stops. As the rotor rotates, this space gradually decreases and at some point the inlet port opens. The fuel leaves the pump under pressure.
