As you know, the performance of the engine directly depends on the ignition system. In this case, ignition affects both engine starting and the stability and efficiency of its operation in different modes.
Modern cars today use electronic ignition and proximity systems. However, on many old cars (including the popular VAZ “classic”) you can find a contact ignition system.
Taking into account the fact that such a system requires ignition adjustment and configuration, next we will look at how the ignition of a VAZ 2106 is installed as an example, as well as what subtleties and nuances you should pay attention to.
The design and principle of operation of the ignition on a VAZ
The engines produced for these VAZ models differ only in volume, but have no structural differences. They are equipped with both contact and non-contact ignition systems.
The first case is when the contacts are opened mechanically, and in the second case a Hall sensor is used, with the help of which the moment a spark is supplied to the combustion chamber is determined.
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. Do you know how much time was allotted to the VAZ-2121 SUV? Until 2006. Shortly before its 30th anniversary, the legendary Niva was supposed to retire. But I didn't go
Contact ignition
The system consists of: high voltage coil, contact group, distributor, distributor cover, vacuum and centrifugal regulators, resistance, spark plugs and wires.
- The system works as follows. When the piston is at TDC, the coil windings open.
- At this time, high voltage is directed from the distributor cover through the wires to the spark plugs, with the help of which a spark appears in the combustion chamber and, accordingly, the working mixture ignites.
As the engine speed increases, the advance angle undergoes changes, and the centrifugal regulator changes it to the required level.
In turn, the vacuum regulator changes the angle in proportion to the vacuum in the intake manifold. Thanks to this, the engine operates with the required power at any crankshaft speed.
Cold start rules
Compliance with them will help to avoid the negative impact of sub-zero temperatures on the life of the car:
- First, you need to warm up the electrolyte in the battery; to do this, turn on the side lights for 5-10 seconds.
- Next, you should check whether all electrical consumers are turned off (fan, oven, heated seats, etc.) - this is necessary to relieve the battery of unnecessary loads.
- The next step is to turn the starter on for no more than 5 seconds. Operating the starter for more than 5 seconds is dangerous for maintaining battery charge. All subsequent attempts to turn it on should also be made with a break of 10 seconds so that the battery has time to partially restore its charge.
- When, after these manipulations, the engine starts working, under no circumstances should you immediately release the clutch pedal and do it abruptly, because the mechanism needs to gain stable speed. The engine will not stall if the pedal is lowered smoothly and slowly.
- The last rule, failure to comply with which can lead to car damage - if the engine does not start, then there is no need to repeat the entire algorithm until the battery is completely discharged. Three or four unsuccessful attempts are enough, after which you should understand that the culprit for not starting the car is not frost, but some other malfunction.
Signs of incorrect ignition on VAZ cars
Setting the ignition timing on a vehicle is necessary if the internal combustion engine is being repaired or the distributor is being dismantled. Also, during operation, it undergoes wear and tear, like any other engine systems, and accordingly the following signs of malfunction may appear:
- The motor does not start or has interruptions in operation. Provided that the combustible mixture is supplied correctly, the malfunction may be an incorrect setting of the advance angle, slipping or stretching of the timing chain.
- Poor acceleration and inelasticity of the engine. This means that the combustible mixture is not ignited at the required piston stroke position, which leads to a deterioration in the efficiency of the internal combustion engine.
- High gas consumption. This effect occurs under conditions of late ignition. Part of the combustible mixture does not have time to burn and flies out into the exhaust manifold. In such cases, you can hear characteristic popping noises in the exhaust while the engine is running.
Hard work of the internal combustion engine. This occurs under conditions of early ignition, when the working mixture ignites when the piston position has not reached top dead center.
In such cases, you can hear a characteristic ringing sound in the engine. Such symptoms can lead to burnt out exhaust valves.
Adjustment features
As for how to set the installed ignition unit on the “seven”, then, of course, this procedure is best carried out using special equipment. But since such installations can only be found in car repair shops, the adjustment procedure can be done by ear. Before you begin the process, you need to make sure that both the carburetor and the pump are operating normally. The process itself is performed as follows:
- First the engine warms up.
- Then the distributor fixing nut is unscrewed.
- The distributor itself should be slowly turned in different directions, while the motor should be running. The mechanism is turned until the operation of the internal combustion engine is smooth and the speed increases.
- After this, the fixing nut needs to be tightened.
- As for checking, to do this, you need to accelerate the car at third speed to about 50 km/h, then engage fourth gear and press the gas pedal. In this case, the sound of “fingers” or detonation should be heard from under the hood, which will last until the car’s speed increases by 5 km/h. If the sound continues longer, the distributor should be released and turned clockwise by about one degree. If you are unable to adjust the ignition yourself in this way, it is better to seek help from specialists - this procedure is inexpensive, but you will be sure that the engine will work normally.
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Instructions
There are several popular methods for setting the ignition angle on VAZ cars.
Installation with strobe
In this option, you do not need to remove the distributor and valve cover, and the installation time will not exceed five minutes.
- Loosen the distributor nut, noting its initial placement in advance.
- We connect the negative wire of the strobe to the ground of the car, and the “plus” wire to the coil and a special clamp to the wire of the first cylinder.
- The light beam, strictly directed at the pulley, will accurately show the optimal location of the distributor.
By gradually turning the distributor, it is necessary to correctly align the marks on the crankshaft pulley and the marks on the front timing cover. We fix the distributor nut.
Installation by marks
The mark on the pulley number 4 is combined with the mark on the front cover. The values of the marks are as follows: 1-100 degrees, 2-50, 3-00. When installing the ignition. when the engine is running on 92 gasoline, the mark for 0 degrees is selected.
We set the ignition to the light bulb
Before starting the installation, you need to take a 12-volt light bulb and solder two wires to it. Then, using a wrench, turn the crankshaft to the TDC position of the piston of the 1st cylinder.
- We place the marks opposite each other on the crankshaft pulley and the front cover.
- Remove the distributor cover so that the distributor is in the position of the first cylinder.
- We attach one of the wires from the light bulb to the ground of the car, and the second to the low-voltage wire inside the distributor.
- Turn on the ignition. If the ignition is installed correctly, the light will not light up.
- Otherwise, we install the distributor in such a position that the light does not light (i.e., the contacts are open).
When using this installation method, the light bulb can be replaced with a multimeter.
Installation by ear
Warm up the engine to operating temperature. Then loosen the nut securing the distributor. Slowly turn the distributor to the right and left until the engine operates optimally at idle without unnecessary knocking or detonation. Tighten the distributor fastening nut.
How to replace the starter relay
A common problem on carburetor engines is the failure of the starter relay. When the key is turned in the lock, a click is heard, but the relay does not respond. Replacing a relay is not such a difficult task.
Remove the starter from it. Unscrew the 2 bolts that secure it. Tilt it to the right and remove it by turning the back wall. Unscrew the nuts that secure the relay and starter. Remove the terminal by turning it to the side. Remove the relay, first unscrew the bolts. Install the new relay in the same way, only the actions will be in the opposite direction. When replacing this important part, the VAZ-2107 car will last for a long time. As you can see, the procedure is simple, and you can do it yourself.
Contactless ignition system for VAZ
When installing such an ignition, the engine starts better when cold, there is no need to adjust the gap on the contacts, the spark will be more powerful, the service life of the spark plugs will increase and, moreover, it is more reliable in contrast to the contact one.
- As in the case of contact ignition, we align the marks and the piston of the first cylinder to the TDC position.
- We remove the old contact distributor, having first removed the negative terminal of the battery. We install contactless.
- Next, using a strobe light, we set the required ignition timing.
Diagram, procedure for connecting VAZ high-voltage wires.
First, let's decide which of the four cylinders is first?
The first cylinder in front-wheel drive VAZs is located closer to the timing belt. If you look at the engine from the front, the first cylinder is the leftmost). And then everything is simple - from left to right - 1, 2, 3, 4.
In rear-wheel drive VAZ Classic and Niva, the first cylinder is located closer to the front bumper of the car.
Common malfunctions of high-voltage wires
Replacement of high-voltage wires on cars must be done not only when signs of their malfunction appear, but also regularly at the appropriate mileage, which depends on the quality of the products used. If malfunctions occur in the ignition system, then the causes of their occurrence may be GDP. Common malfunctions of armored wires on the seven include:
On a candle
- Violation of insulation integrity. The slightest cracks, scratches, cuts, etc. entail the need to replace products. If the insulation is broken, moisture gets into the conductor, the resistance increases, and the current decreases. The slightest scratches and cracks require immediate replacement of all conductors.
- Increasing resistance - wires have a corresponding resistance, which increases over time due to the deterioration of the cores. The greater the resistance, the less the amount of current flowing, and therefore the worse the spark created by the spark plug.
- Damage to contacts. This is due to oxidation that occurs inside the caps placed on the spark plugs or inserted into the distributor or ignition module. Oxides contribute to increased resistance, so they should be cleaned. If oxides are not removed in a timely manner, the metal contacts begin to deteriorate.
If at least one product malfunctions, it is necessary to perform a comprehensive replacement. In order to make sure that it is necessary to replace the armored wires on the seven, you will need to check them first. How to check the serviceability and suitability of the GDP is carried out, we will find out further.
