Windshield wiper motor - DIY repair and replacement

When driving in rainy conditions, the windshield becomes covered with raindrops or snow, which causes limited visibility and jeopardizes driving. The question often arises about the performance of the unit designed to clean the windshield from precipitation particles. We will try to find out in detail how to check the windshield wiper motor and monitor its working condition.

What is a windshield wiper motor?

All cars, trucks and other vehicles are already equipped from the factory with mechanisms for cleaning glass, including windshield wiper blades. In its standard form, it consists of two holders with rubber bands on the windshield and one holder on the rear window (for cars with a station wagon or hatchback body). All windshield wipers have three modes of operation, during which they move quickly, slowly or at an intermittent pace.

All windshield wipers are equipped with a special electric motor with geared torque transmission. Two mechanisms designed to operate the windshield wipers are attached to the motor shaft. One rotates the wipers to a certain position on the windshield, and the second is responsible for moving the wipers to their original position. The lever system supports the wipers throughout operation.

In fact, the electric motor rotates without stopping, and a special mechanism is responsible for moving the wipers, which allows them to rotate and quickly return to their original position. This mechanism is called a trapezoid wiper. It consists of a set of levers that move the wipers across the windshield.

In addition to the windshield wipers, the glass washer system is also responsible for a normal view of the front of the road. It is a tank with a special liquid, which, under the action of a pump installed in the tank, is pumped into the system and sprayed on the windshield. It is extremely important that these mechanisms are always in good working order. This is due to the fact that on the planned day of the trip the weather can easily turn bad and driving with a faulty windshield wiper system can become very dangerous.

Replacement process

The easiest way to get rid of problems with VAZ-2110 windshield wipers is to contact a service station. There the trapeze will be replaced in an hour or an hour and a half. But if unscrupulous repairmen notice that the owner does not understand the cause of the breakdown at all, they can repair the car for half a day, saying that the problem is very serious.

Therefore, the best option that will save money is to replace the part yourself . This process works as follows:

First of all, you will need to dismantle the old trapezoid. To do this, you will have to disassemble and remove the windshield wiper arms. To do this, you will have to unscrew two nuts with a 12mm wrench. When removing the levers, you need to be careful, since powerful springs create a problem when removing them. It is better to bend the leashes first.

Disconnect the wiper motor gear pads.

Unscrew the nut of the left trapezoid fastening.

Unscrew the nut on the other side.

Unscrew the fastening of the gearmotor bracket.

Remove the trapezoid from the studs and remove it.

Only after this can the trapezoid be removed. The main thing is not to forget to disconnect all electrical connectors.

A new spare part must be assembled before installation, since it is in a disassembled state. When connecting parts, you need to make sure that all parts are aligned and adjusted. Only after this are the nuts tightened.

Before installing a new trapezoid, it is advisable to lubricate all its rubbing parts with graphite lubricant . Some advise using lithol , but it loses its properties at sub-zero temperatures.

Repairing a trapezoid using a repair kit

If the bushing in an old part is simply worn out, it is not necessary to change the entire trapezoid. It is enough to simply repair it using a repair kit . As a rule, it has everything you need. To repair the trapezoid, you will also have to remove it. When removing the wiper arms, you must try to act extremely carefully, otherwise you may damage the glass or paint on the edge of the hood.

Without wipers, it is almost impossible to overcome rain or snow, as visibility is reduced to a minimum. This is why it is important to keep your windshield wipers (the official name for windshield wipers) intact. This material describes the scheme by which the wipers work in a VAZ 2110 car, the main malfunctions, as well as windshield wiper repair.

Windshield wiper malfunctions and repairs

There are many reasons why a windshield wiper may not work. First, always check the condition of the electric motor. Malfunctions include poor contact between the brushes and commutator, interturn short circuits in the stator or rotor windings, or jamming of the rotor and stator as the motor support bearings wear out. In addition, the malfunction may affect the contact connections between the engine and the electrical supply wires. However, if eliminating these faults does not lead to a positive result, we recommend carrying out a major overhaul of the electric motor.

In cases where the problem lies in the condition of the electric motor, there are a number of other reasons why the windshield wiper may not work. There are cases when the cause of a malfunction may be jamming of working parts. To prevent further damage, a bimetallic fuse is triggered, which protects the motor transmission mechanism from damage. If the fuse trips, then further use of the windshield wiper is impossible. Check the condition of the working parts and, if necessary, carry out appropriate repairs on the levers. After this, replace the used fuse.

If the windshield wiper mechanism operates at only one speed, then you should pay special attention to the condition of the switch or special resistor and, if necessary, replace it. It is not uncommon for windshield wipers to make strange sounds during operation. Creaks and knocks - all this can be the cause of a malfunction of the mechanism's hinge unit. If you are sure that such sounds have nothing to do with dust under the rubber bands or with the glass coating, then purchase a repair kit for the windshield wiper mechanism and replace the problematic hinges.

However, if repairing the mechanism does not give a positive result, it is recommended to replace the windshield wiper motor. It often happens that the motor bearing begins to become loose and makes extraneous noise during operation. At the same time, it compromises the reliability of the windshield wipers.

Photo report on the removal and installation of the windshield wiper trapezoid on a VAZ 2110-2112

When all the preparatory steps are done, everything will look something like this. The arrows at the top show the attachment points of the two nuts:

You need to unscrew them, of course.

After this, we disconnect the clamp securing the expansion tank and, lifting it up a little, move it to the side to gain access to the third trapezoid mounting nut.

After this, the nut can be unscrewed; it is located at the very bottom:

After you have dealt with this, you can carefully turn the trapezoid and remove it from the left side, slightly bending the metal frame below the windshield to the side (the force required is very small - there is no point in talking about any real bending!)

And lift it almost all the way to take it out:

All that remains is to disconnect the power plug:

And now you can finally remove the entire structure of the trapezoid and the wiper motor from the bore. If you need to disconnect and replace one motor, then in principle there will be no difficulties with this - just unscrew it and replace it.

Installation of all removed parts occurs in the reverse order. It is worth mentioning the prices of these spare parts. The cost of a trapezoid assembly with an engine for a VAZ 2110 is about 2000-3000 rubles from the manufacturer AvtoVAZ. Chinese analogues cost about 2000 rubles.

Methods for attaching brushes

Before 1999, most car manufacturers used a type of mounting for OEM windshield wiper blades called a "hook" or "hook". This is a universal device in the shape of the letter “U”, which allows you to snap the brush into place and not worry about the reliability of its installation. The following types of mounts are currently gaining popularity:

Side pin - appeared in 2005 on BWM, Volvo and other cars. Allows brushes to be fixed using a special 22 or 17 mm side pin.
Button or “Push Button” is an adapter for standard 16 mm wide wiper blades. It is enough to snap the device into place for fastening, and to remove it you need to press a special button.
Pin lock - fixation of brushes using a special built-in lock. Used in Audi cars.

“Push Button” mounting scheme

Despite the relative simplicity of windshield wipers, it is difficult to imagine a modern car without them. Drivers can control the operation of the wipers directly from the cabin, remove dirt and improve visibility of the road situation. And electronic systems automatically monitor the cleanliness of the glass, increasing the comfort and safety of driving without human intervention.

Source

How to remove

First of all, it is necessary to de-energize the system. To do this, simply disconnect the negative terminal on the battery.

set the wiper arms to a vertical position;
unscrew the nuts and remove them from the rollers;
remove protective caps;
twist the nuts (one on each side) securing the brackets at the top;
dismantle the rubber sealing washers;
in the engine compartment, remove the wiring harness from the connector;
unscrew the bolts holding the lower part of the bracket;
the mechanism rollers are removed from the holes;
unscrew the nut securing the windshield wiper crank and remove it;
dismantle the bolts holding the wiper gearbox and the motor in place;
disconnect the wires from the bimetallic fuse and remove the engine from the bracket.

All that remains is to remove the locking ring and adjusting washers from the gear shaft and install a new motor. Assembly is carried out in reverse order.

To make it more convenient to work, we recommend moving the stove fan slightly to the right. Without this, it will not be possible to remove the windshield wiper. You will also need to remove the fuse box cover and all the relays located there.

The windshield wiper itself must also be moved slightly to the left before removal.

It is better to number the adjusting washers so that they are not confused during assembly.

Checking the functionality of the mechanisms

How to give new life to worn out windshield wipers.
how to change rubber bands on frameless wipers: video instructions and advice from professionals replacing rubber bands in frame wipers At the repair stage or during a preventative check of windshield wipers, you can identify problems in the device in several ways. The quality of the mechanism is primarily determined by the function of the brush and its position in the brush holder. The cleaning elements must move freely and easily at the specified speed. The electric motor itself is checked by a tester. In particular, such diagnostics makes it possible to detect irregularities in contacts and connections. When disassembled, the device allows you to evaluate the condition of the gearbox gear - in particular, the mentioned teeth and threads on the rollers are checked. The remaining components can be checked with the naked eye, even with a superficial inspection.

At the request of workers

Don’t even think about applying voltage only through terminals +1 and +2! and then there are craftsmen. there is very little resistance, the current is crazy, the motor runs at a very high speed and burns out very quickly.

There is a circuit - what is the problem with supplying voltage through it? E - minus. +1 - winding of the first speed of operation, +2 - winding of the second speed. one of them is supplied with a plus. but to determine the initial position of the brushes there is a built-in breaker contact, which operates through terminals B and S. through B the plus is switched, while the position is not zero, there is a plus at the output of S. those. for intermittent mode, through the steering column, plus is constantly supplied to terminal B and plus is supplied once to terminal +1 (to start the motor). then the plus that comes with S still continues to be supplied to +1 through the steering column switch. after a full revolution, the breaker in the motor is triggered and the S plus disappears at the output.

wiper motor from Mark 2 body GX-81. 4 contacts, ground to body. +1 and +2 I found how to find out where B and S are?

Washer problems

Diagram of the washer system Breakdowns and methods for eliminating them are different. Let's get to know them in more detail.

The steering column switch does not work. Make sure of this by closing two contacts under the steering wheel - front contact 53ah-w, rear - 53ah-wh, and then measure the resistance. If it is low, the switch is replaced with a new one.
There is no water flowing through the washer pump. It should also be replaced.
Dirt has formed in the injectors. Use a sharp needle to clean them.
The wire that connects the pump and the switch has broken. You understand that the only option is replacement.
Relay K3 is faulty. Again, you have no choice but to change the relay.
The hose ruptured and its integrity was compromised. What do you think should be done in such a situation? Absolutely right - change the hose.

Connection diagram

If you encounter any difficulties, this diagram will help you figure out what you are doing wrong.

wiper gearbox (1);
thermobimetallic fuse (2);
motor (3);
washer valve (3);
mounting block (4);
ignition switch (5) and relay (6);
switch (7);
K3 front wiper relay (8);
“A” – the contacts of the wiper pads are marked;
“B” – output to pin 30 of the generator terminal;
a – second speed;
b – first;
c – switch spring;
d and e – his contacts;
noise filtering capacitors – C1, C2;
chokes – L1, L2.

The design of the windshield wiper on the VAZ 2110 is quite reliable and during normal operation the motor and the trapezoid itself can easily move all 300,000 km, which has been proven by the personal experience of many owners. But there are also exceptions to the rules.

Dismantling the device

In rare cases, the front or rear windshield wiper motor stops working due to some manufacturing defect. The problem is extremely rare, however, if you become a victim of it, there is nothing left to do but start special repairs.

To complete the procedure successfully, perform a complete dismantling. It is no secret that such a process is quite troublesome and time-consuming. Especially if you have to repair a part from old cars, such as Tavria, KAMAZ, Priora, and so on. In this case, you will have to use several separate steps, including unscrewing the nuts that act as fasteners for the levers.

In the future, you can begin to remove the levers themselves from the tapered splines of the drive. If you have any difficulties at this stage, the splines can be treated with penetrating lubricant. Next, the lever drives are dismantled by unscrewing the nuts, as well as removing the rubber gaskets and plastic bushings.

In the harness, the wiring block is disconnected and pulled out using the raised edge of the seal, through a special slot in the partition of the engine compartment. The next step is to remove the windshield wiper.

Now you will have to unscrew the washer from the removed device and remove the spring retainer. And also you can’t do without disconnecting the rod. As a result, all you have to do is dismantle three bolts and remove the engine. After a full visual inspection, begin replacing any faulty parts.

If this does not give any results, the only way out of the situation will be to buy a new motor. If the problem is resolved, the glass cleaning system must be reassembled in the reverse order.

Replacement features and diagram

If, after a thorough diagnosis, you were able to determine that the motor is faulty, think about replacing the failed unit. At this stage there are no special difficulties, so even an inexperienced beginner can easily solve the problem.

True, you must understand that the features of the procedure vary depending on the model of a particular vehicle.

Therefore, before performing a series of any actions, pay attention to the technical features of the system, read the service manual for the car

First of all, you must unscrew the nuts securing the brush arm. The help of a wrench will come in handy here. Then remove them from their installation location. If difficulties arise, use a penetrating lubricant.
Then you need to remove the lever drives by unscrewing the nuts that secure them.
The next step is to disconnect the connector with the wires in the harness and lift one part of the seal through the hole formed.
As a result, all that remains is to dismantle the wiper itself. Then remove the washer and spring mount. After successfully achieving such goals, all that remains is to disconnect the pull rod, unscrew the three screws and remove the motor. Unit repair is characterized by particular simplicity and speed of execution.

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