Jeeps and crossovers: we try to tell the difference right away. Niva crossover or SUV

40 years have already passed since this masterpiece of the Soviet automotive industry rolled off the assembly line. It was a brilliant design solution for the time. Not a single all-wheel drive vehicle in the world had such qualities as the engineers of the Volzhsky Automobile Plant endowed the Niva with. Nowadays, any modern SUV uses the same principles that were laid down in the Niva in 1977: permanent all-wheel drive, a monocoque body, spring suspension, high ground clearance and a short wheelbase.

The car began to be in demand not only in the Soviet Union, but throughout the world. As a result, the demand for various modifications for each country has increased. With the growth of popularity, the need for individuality has also grown (after all, many do not want to drive the same Niva as others). Therefore, modifications had to be made not only in relation to the engine and internal elements, but also to the body, which was also repeatedly subjected to tuning.

The number of modifications of the Niva grew every year, and at the moment it is no longer difficult to lose count. In this review, we will tell you about all the options and modifications of cars with worldwide recognition and a long history, proudly called Niva. And let's start the review, of course, with the very first Niva that came off the assembly line.

First release of Niva (VAZ-2121)

The Niva, which solemnly left the gates of the Volga Automobile Plant on April 5, 1977, laid the foundation for all subsequent modifications. The car had a short three-door wheelbase, spring suspension with an independent front axle, permanent all-wheel drive and a sealed body. All these qualities have not changed subsequently and are still used in the global automotive industry. The car's interior was more than comfortable and could compete with many foreign competitors. At that time, no one was particularly puzzled by the choice of colors, so the car was produced in a single color called “Golden Ocher”. The first Nivas were equipped with a 1.6-liter carburetor engine with a power of 80 hp, as well as a four-speed gearbox.

What is the difference between a jeep and a crossover?

By “jeep,” people usually mean any SUV that is confused with the Jeep automobile brand, which has established itself as a successful manufacturer of this type of vehicle. In order to find the differences between a jeep (read, SUV) and a crossover, we will give their definitions.

To find out the difference between a jeep and a crossover, you don’t have to look long. The answer to this question is more than obvious and sometimes one is surprised that this is so vigorously discussed on automobile forums.

An SUV, also known as a real “jeep,” is a type of vehicle that is characterized by increased cross-country ability. It is designed for any special purpose highways and off-road travel in the suburbs. All SUVs have a special frame design and a set of off-road drive capabilities. The SUV's gearbox features a low range.

A crossover is also a cross-country vehicle. At its core, it is a mixture of a premium passenger car and an SUV.

What is shown in the photo, jeeps or crossovers?

Initially, there were two types of cars: those that drive on asphalt in urban environments, and those that drive off-road in the countryside. Such an example could be the well-known Niva in comparison with the “nine”. However, with the advent of crossovers, these boundaries have become very blurred.

In addition, jeeps have become a common means of transportation around the city. Which is quite convenient, considering the roads in Russia. Recently, the name “SUV” is more likely to be an advertising ploy by car manufacturers, because every driver wants to demonstrate the power of their car.

The main differences between a jeep and a crossover

• The SUV has the ability to force the front drive axle to be connected or has all-wheel drive with a center differential.
• A low range of gears and a transfer case allow the SUV to “knead” off-road conditions for a long time.
• Forced locking of one or two SUV differentials.
• The jeep has excellent cross-country ability.
• The crossover has a monocoque body.
• The crossover has all-wheel drive, but it will not be able to survive in off-road conditions for a long time.
• The crossover will only withstand rural dirt roads and the beach - it won’t be enough for more due to the lack of a low gear.
• The crossover has a sporty design and cool character. It is more to the liking of young people, who are extremely interested in how the car looks.
• Crossovers generally have good acceleration. It is provided with smaller dimensions and power ratio compared to SUVs.
• The crossover is much easier to drive: it is more agile, capable of sharp maneuvers and turns more quickly.
• The SUV's suspension is more durable. In this parameter, crossovers are significantly inferior to SUVs, however, this gives an advantage in handling.
• In most cases, crossovers are available with all-wheel drive in the classical sense of this expression. But there are also cars that are equipped with a system that connects one of the axles only in a slipping situation.
• The advantage of a crossover is increased ground clearance.
• The mechanisms for connecting the second axle of the crossover and locking its center differential are combined into a transfer case.
• The crossover is mostly a youth car, but one cannot say so 100% - older people also give their preference to this type of car due to its visible advantages and the subjective needs of drivers.

Thus, we answered the question of how typical jeeps and SUVs differ from crossovers. The main thing when choosing a car is to start from your goals and objectives. If you need a powerful “beast” that will move off-road, take a closer look at the SUV models, of which there are a huge number on the car market.

If you want to buy a sports car that will mainly take you around the city, to the beach or along simple country dirt roads, choose a crossover. These cars are becoming more and more fashionable and have earned the trust of car enthusiasts.

jeepon.ru

The most economical Niva (VAZ-21211)

This model was developed specifically for export to countries where the cost of gasoline forced a choice in favor of more economical cars. The engine displacement of this modification was 1.3 liters with a power of 69 horsepower, which could not but affect the dynamic characteristics and torque when driving off-road. As a result of the weak engine and high weight, the cross-country ability decreased, which was unacceptable for the Niva. All this became the reason that there was no sufficient demand for this modification of the Niva. But despite this, cars were exported abroad in small quantities, mainly to Europe.

How to make a Niva into a full-fledged SUV » Crossovers and SUVs

Niva 4×4

“Niva” is also ZHYP, only s-a-a-a-scarlet. This is a joke among SUV enthusiasts. What do little kids have to do to become adults? Right! We need to study at school. Let's see what items will have to go through in order to make a full-fledged SUV from the Niva and at the same time leave the possibility of normal movement on asphalt and not come into conflict with the traffic police regarding changes to the design of the car.

First lesson. SUV geometry

Niva lifting

Let’s say right away that the Niva’s geometry (especially the three-door one) is initially doing quite well. However, there are reserves and they are often used. 220 mm of ground clearance is already good, but to say that there is never too much ground clearance. The Niva often has to drive along a rut full of trucks. Hence the first geometry task is to make the wheel circumference larger. The size of the standard VLI-5 off-road tires is 27 inches. Without any changes, you can install K-139 tires, which are an inch larger. This will give an increase in ground clearance of only 1 - 1.5 cm. To achieve more, you need to lift the car. There is still ongoing debate among the Niva drivers about the Niva elevator. Some believe that a full-fledged SUV will still not work, and the car is good in its original condition. Others lift with a reserve. Perhaps the most balanced and competent opinion can be considered the opinion of the famous Krasnodar off-road tuning master Andrey Apostol: “For the Niva, the lift is 5 cm. Less is an underlift. More – relift.” I think he's right. A simple geometric calculation shows that installing wheels two inches larger in diameter requires lifting the car 1 inch. But at the same time, on bumps and in turns, the tread will touch the wheel arches, and they have to be trimmed. With a two-inch lift, 29-inch wheels can be installed without cutting the body.

A common version of Niva lifting consists mainly of the following operations:

• installation of front springs and shock absorbers from Chevrolet Niva
• installation of spacers for ball joints 30 mm thick (can be installed with washers)
• installation of shock absorbers from the Gazelle and 50 mm spacers for the springs at the rear

In this case, from the ground to the front beam there will be 32 cm and 29-inch wheels fit well. In this case, you will most likely have to change the wheels from 16-inch to 15-inch, since there is a decent selection of off-road tires for this size. Tires typically used are 235/75 R15. The advantage of this method is its relative simplicity and ease of returning the machine to its original state if necessary. There are also disadvantages. Since the springs and shock absorbers are designed for heavier vehicles, the suspension becomes stiffer. The car “goats up” more often on uneven surfaces, and there is a greater risk of diagonal hanging. In general, you need to drive a lifted car with large wheels more carefully. Not only because due to the high center of gravity, the Niva’s tendency to tip over increases. If you use the accelerator pedal excessively with large wheels, it is easy to damage the splined joints of the drives.

Lesson two. Physics, topic – mechanics

Niva 4×4

Having acquired full-fledged SUV wheels, the Niva may be very surprised that it has become difficult to drive even on asphalt, not to mention off-road. Everything is correct, the wheels have become heavier, the diameter is larger, and under the hood there is still the same 80 horsepower. Replacing the engine with a more powerful one is too troublesome and expensive. There are easier options. The SUV doesn't require victories in street racing. Therefore, you can lose in speed, but gain in strength according to the laws of classical mechanics. The wheel diameter has increased by 7%. To compensate for the increase in force required to rotate the wheels, it must be increased at least as much. Better is more, since both the width of the wheel and its grip on the ground have increased. And the rolling resistance of soaked clay is much greater than that of a normal road. The simplest solution is to install main pairs with a gear ratio of 4.44. You can even find a kit with a gear ratio of 5.76, but it makes sense only if the car will hardly move on the roads. Another, more complex, compensation method is to install the so-called “low-level” camshaft, which allows you to shift the maximum power and torque torque to the region of lower engine speed.

Lesson three. Physics, topic - electricity

Niva 4×4

Standard SUV headlights are rarely clean enough to provide adequate illumination of the “road.” It is for this purpose, and not for “show-off,” that jeepers put “chandeliers” on the trunk. An additional finder headlight with adjustable beam direction will also be a useful addition for finding a way around obstacles at night. The main source of electricity for the car is a generator. It must be protected first of all. Moving the generator to a higher location will reduce wear and prevent it from becoming clogged with dirt. Electricity consumption when driving off-road with frequent stops and starts is higher than usual. If a winch is used, then much higher. But charging is less efficient due to low speeds. Therefore, it is a good idea to replace the generator with a more powerful one, and the battery with a more capacious one.

Lesson four. Chemistry

Niva 4×4

From off-road mathematics and physics, let's move on to off-road chemistry. As in conventional chemistry, the main substance in the SUV laboratory is water. It is the main problem, penetrating where it can cause harm. The worst thing is water in the engine. Water can get there in two ways - through the muffler and through the air intake. The first option occurs infrequently, only when the car stalls on a ford and remains there until the engine cools. However, some extreme sports enthusiasts push the muffler through the roof. But if, when the air filter housing is immersed under water, the engine immediately stalls, then you are in luck. Even short-term work with water inside is guaranteed to lead to water hammer and serious repair or replacement of the motor. Therefore, for a full-fledged SUV, a snorkel is necessary, unless of course you plan to drive exclusively through the Kalmyk steppes or the Kara-Kum desert. The details of the simplest snorkel design are taken from a plumbing store - a pipe and connecting elements for a sewer with a diameter of 50 mm. There are more expensive and aesthetic factory options. Water in gearboxes that gets there through breathers is also not a gift. A water-oil emulsion does not have the necessary lubricity, but it promotes corrosion of parts of axles, gearboxes and transfer cases. Getting rid of this problem is not difficult. Flexible hoses need to be attached to the breathers, the open ends of which lead somewhere higher, under the hood or even into the interior. A chemistry lesson can be completed with laboratory work on conductive lubricants and silicone polymers. First, you need to treat the contact connectors inside so that the contacts do not oxidize, and with silicone on the outside (along with the wires), so that the water-repellent properties of silicones protect the wires and contacts from moisture.

Optional in life safety

Niva 4×4

No matter how good the cross-country ability of an SUV is, it is still destined to get stuck. Therefore, it is necessary to provide in advance the means for independently extracting the Niva from various “ambushes”. The simplest thing you can do is to have a shovel, a rack jack and a couple of short pieces of sturdy board in your trunk. Hijack is a wonderful thing, but in order to use it effectively, it is necessary to strengthen the bumper mounts so that they can be used to lift the car without consequences. It is also useful to install real power thresholds, rather than decorative ones. Then you can lift the car almost anywhere. A more radical solution is to install an electric winch on the front bumper. This is not provided by the factory, so it is better to have two replacement bumpers. Power - for rides and factory - for technical inspection .

Off-Road University

If the Niva lives and drives where there are even fewer traffic police inspectors than paved roads, then it can enroll in the University of Off-Road Vehicles. Literally everything is strengthened except the engine. When it's finished it might look something like this:

• Power front bumper with Come-up 6000 winch (at least). Or maybe the second “swan” will sit on the reinforced rear bumper. Power thresholds - of course.
• The spars are reinforced with welded overlays.
• Snorkel, breathers brought up.
• Tires 31 inches (preferably Silverstone), or even 32 - 33 inches with appropriate body modifications. In this case, a tractor generator, brushless 72A plus two batteries: the main one - 75 Ah and an additional one - 55 with switching from the cabin.
• Pneumatic locking of the cross-axle differential in the rear axle (manufactured in St. Petersburg). It is powered by a two-cylinder compressor installed under the hood.
• Naturally, with such additional equipment, the spare tire from under the hood will move to the roof rack. A hijack, sand trucks and a “chandelier” will also live there. Branch guards will extend from the trunk to the bumper, protecting the windshield.
• Transfer case on a subframe, converted to a gear ratio of 2.95. The main pair is from a VAZ 2101 with a gear ratio of 4.3.
• The front axle gearbox will be separated from the engine, and the rear axle “stockings” will be reinforced with welded pads to prevent them from bending. Reinforced axle shafts will appear inside the stockings.

After receiving higher education, a small, modest, but full-fledged Niva SUV can move to places where more venerable, but heavier foreign colleagues are saved. Almost exactly like in the video.

Author: Alex

crossoverland.ru

The most powerful Niva (Lada 4×4 Niva Poch)

This modification was the product of the efforts of French engineers, whose task was to modernize the Niva for rally sports events. And, I must say, they did a good job - after all, this model even managed to take part in the famous Paris-Dakar. The Niva Poch was equipped with a lightweight non-metallic hood and wheels from Porche. But the most interesting thing was located under the hood - instead of 4 cylinders, there were 6 rather large cylinders, the total working volume of which was 3.5 liters. Moreover, the power they produced was 310 “horses,” which was a very impressive result for those years. 8 of these models were built.

Dimensions

If we talk about Chevrolet, then the main dimensions parameters look like this:

• length – 390 cm;
• width – 170 cm;
• height – 164 cm;
• wheelbase – 245 cm;
• ground clearance – 20 cm;
• trunk volume – 320 l;

Niva differs from AVTOVAZ in slightly larger sizes:

• length – 424 cm;
• width – 168 cm;
• height – 164 cm;
• wheelbase – 279 cm;
• ground clearance - 22.8 cm;
• trunk volume – 265 l.

If you determine which is better: Lada Niva or Chevrolet Niva in terms of size, then it is worth noting that the VAZ version is larger and more impressive.

At the same time, it is distinguished by increased ground clearance, which increases the vehicle's cross-country ability. At the same time, the Chevrolet car has significantly increased trunk volume, and this is a big plus for country trips.

Right-handed Niva (VAZ-21212)

There was also an export version for countries with left-hand traffic. It was the only Soviet car that was exported to Japan. Before and after this delivery (one small batch was delivered), no Soviet cars were observed on the territory of this country. Most copies of this model were exported to England. Nowadays, it is already difficult to find a “right-hand drive Niva” - unless among connoisseurs of retro cars. The technical characteristics of this model did not differ from the basic version. The same 1.6-liter engine and 4-speed manual transmission were used.

How Niva has changed over 43 years

This year Niva turned 43 years old. Not a single AvtoVAZ car lasted on the assembly line for so long. What has changed in him during all this time? What updates and upgrades have taken place? All this is discussed in today’s material from Droma.

VAZ-2121 "Niva" - or now Lada 4x4 - is without a doubt the longest-lasting and most successful AvtoVAZ car. Over more than 40 years of production, 2.2 million copies of this legendary SUV with a timeless design were produced, of which almost half a million were exported to various countries. Some, by the way, consider the Niva to be the first crossover to appear in the world. The Lada 4×4 has a huge number of achievements: participation in the Paris-Dakar rally (1978–1988), climbing mountain peaks (Fujiyama - 3776 m in 1998, Everest - 5200 m in 1999, Himalayas - 5726 m in 1999), conquest of the North Pole (1998), work in Antarctica and various special services, filming in numerous Soviet and foreign films and the largest circulation among AvtoVAZ export products...

The Russian Lada 4×4 is the most capable SUV in the world, which can be bought for less than €10,000. This car has repeatedly confirmed its extraordinary cross-country ability in Droma tests

It is clear that no car can be produced for more than 40 years without any changes. Time passes, new technologies appear, new requirements for safety and comfort arise, and the consumer portrait of a potential buyer changes. To be honest, the Niva has basically remained almost the same - it is still the same ultra-budget, small-class off-road passenger car with a monocoque body, spring suspension and an almost unchanged appearance, permanent all-wheel drive and a locking center differential, with a "lowering" gear. and free cross-axle differentials. And yet, all these many years, constant work was carried out to modernize the model. Today we will talk about the main milestones in this history of changes, the appearance of various modifications. But first, let’s remember what the very first production Niva was like, which rolled off the VAZ assembly line in Tolyatti on April 5, 1977.

1977: the first Niva VAZ-2121

For the late 1970s, the design of the VAZ-2121 was very progressive. Especially in terms of the monocoque body and all-wheel drive with a center differential with the ability to lock it. Toyota released something similar - although in a much more modern interpretation - only in 1994, when it began production of the RAV4 model.

Under the hoods of the first Nivas, a 1.6-liter 4-cylinder carburetor engine with a timing chain drive was installed, based on the engine from the VAZ-2106 and developing 80 hp. and 116 Nm. In addition, the 4-speed gearbox and rear axle gearbox were also borrowed from the “six”. The interior also resembled a “six” - metal panels on the top, a two-spoke steering wheel with a thin rim, the same dashboard, classic round “Zhiguli” air ducts at the top of the front panel, front seats... The most obvious and obvious difference was the presence of two additional levers next to the selector “ mechanics" - one included the lowering row, and the second blocked the "center". This scheme is still used on Lada 4x4.

In these “sections” and the photo below, you can examine in detail the design of the VAZ-2121: a monocoque three-door body, a spring suspension (in the front, independent on wishbones, in the rear - an axle with a Panhard rod), a longitudinally mounted engine, a manual gearbox with a transfer case and the possibility of locking "center", located under the hood "spare"

The Niva immediately became very popular - after all, it was the only Soviet all-wheel drive passenger car with a similar level of comfort and cross-country ability. Some components and assemblies were considered quite reliable (for example, the engine or the “indestructible” 4-speed manual transmission), but at the same time, like almost any new car, the VAZ-2121 in the first years of production had quite significant problems. Below we provide a list of the most common ones. We had to wait decades for solutions to many of these shortcomings.

The most common problems of the first Nivas

Standard tires VLI-5

Poorly suited for driving on asphalt: high noise level, low grip, rapid wear.

Body corrosion

The rapid appearance of rust spots on the tailgate (with a very high loading height), sills, joints of the pillars and roof, and the floor in the area where the transfer case is mounted.

Poor sealing

Worthless seals, water in the cabin even after heavy rain.

Radiator fan mechanically driven by crankshaft

Insufficient air flow at idle, overheating.

Bad "stove"

Noise in the fan, leaking heater tap (antifreeze in the cabin), improperly organized airflow, cold in winter.

Cardan crosspieces

They require constant maintenance, fail quickly, and are difficult to replace.

Clutch

You can “burn out” the clutch due to a weak engine in a couple of off-road trips.

Transfer case

Constant hum, vibration, souring of the control mechanism.

Front-wheel drive (CV joints)

Wear of anthers, possibility of rupture under severe off-road loads or presence of blocking at the front.

Front wheel wheel bearings

Requires constant adjustment and lubrication.

Rear drum brakes

The need to constantly adjust the gap.

1994: VAZ-21213 “Taiga”

For 15 long years, the VAZ-2121 was produced without any major upgrades, the owners already knew about all the “jambs”, knew how to fix them to the best of their ability, and placed a cap with earflaps on the central tunnel to reduce the amount of noise and hum from the transfer case. The first transitional modifications appeared in 1993, and fully modified Nivas rolled off the assembly line in 1994. At first, they even wanted to give the VAZ-21213 version its own name - “Taiga”, but it didn’t catch on. Nevertheless, the number of changes made was significant.

Firstly, Niva has changed in appearance. The rear door with a different handle was extended to the bumper, which made loading and unloading much easier, and new lights appeared on the sides. Secondly, they began to install a VAZ-21213 engine under the hood with a volume increased (due to the longer piston stroke from the VAZ-21083) to 1.7 liters and a Solex carburetor. It also changed the profile of the camshaft cams, which made it possible to expand the intake and exhaust phases, improve cylinder filling and increase torque to 127 Nm. But the mechanical fan drive from the crankshaft remained. But on the engine with single injection - 21214 - electric fans were already used. True, this engine was initially used only on export versions, and the Russians had to wait for the injector for almost ten more years. Thirdly, the Niva has been equipped with a 5-speed manual transmission ever since. But the reliability of this gearbox turned out to be worse than that of the old one: converted from a “four-speed”, it suffered from oil starvation of the fifth gear gear block, and was also not of such high quality materials. Fourthly, after 1994, the output shaft of the gearbox and the input shaft of the transfer case began to be connected by a drive shaft, in which the cross was replaced with a CV joint, which made it possible to slightly reduce noise and vibration.

This is one of Drome's most popular videos, already gaining almost 2 million views! In it, the Lada 4x4 is compared with the Renault Duster in the same off-road conditions:

In the same year, the most significant (up to 2019) change in the interior occurred. New seats were installed, the “tidy” from the “eight-nine” settled in front of my eyes, a different, more “meaty” steering wheel and other, very flimsy air ducts appeared.

Niva engines can run on almost any fuel!

Over the course of its long life, Nivs have featured a variety of power plants under their hoods. In addition to the “classic” 4-cylinder gasoline units, the Peugeot XUD-9L diesel engine with a volume of 1.9 liters and a power of 65 hp was installed on export cars (the VAZ-21125 was produced at the Moscow region enterprise LfaExport JSC), and in 2001 at the Moscow International At the auto show, they even demonstrated a prototype of “Antel” using... a hydrogen installation!

1995: VAZ-2123 - long-wheelbase 5-door modification

Niva had three-door extended versions until 1995 (for example, the VAZ-212180 Fora, “stretched” by 300 mm or the VAZ-2129 Kedr), but it was this year that official sales of the five-door modification of the VAZ-2131 began with wheelbase increased by as much as 500 mm. This version is still in service - an excellent option for those who want to win in convenience, spaciousness and comfort at the expense of a slight deterioration in off-road performance.

By the way, at first the five-door cars were equipped with a 1.8-liter power unit 2130 (82 hp, 139 Nm), which was famous for the factory defects of the cylinder block in early versions, the constant need to adjust the valves and instability at idle speed .

In this video, the previous generation Suzuki Jimny competes with the long-wheelbase 5-door Lada 4×4:

2001: Niva becomes Lada 4x4

In 2001, AvtoVAZ sold the Niva brand to the joint venture GM-Avtovaz, which mastered the production of the Chevrolet Niva car. In return, the Lada 4×4 received a number of modifications mastered at Chevy. A Valeo clutch was installed, and the problem with low brake performance was solved by installing a new 9-inch vacuum booster and a larger diameter master cylinder (22.22 mm versus 20.64 mm). There are non-adjustable wheel bearings, new steering knuckles in the front suspension with a reduced rolling arm, as well as more powerful silent blocks of the lower arms, optimized for the length of the compression and rebound buffer. The dimensions of the shock absorbers were increased, and the lower rear mounts were changed, as was the position of the longitudinal rods. The front gearbox was moved and attached to the front suspension beam.

2002: engine 21214 with central fuel injection

In 2002, AvtoVAZ finally launched a car with an injection 1.7-liter engine 21214-20 (81 hp, 128 Nm) with mono-injection and a single-row timing chain (previously there was a double-row), meeting Euro-2 emission standards . About 75% of the parts of this engine were borrowed from the VAZ-2131, but at the same time it could not do without a number of new devices and sensors: a Bosch or “January” controller, a crankshaft with a long (40 mm) crank radius, a cylinder head with holes for valve timing sensor and receiver studs, hydraulic valve compensators instead of adjusting bolts and PCV and idle speed sensors.

2009–2011: changed appearance, power steering and engine 21214M

The next update of Lada 4x4 began in 2009. Externally, the Niva has not changed much - a new radiator grille, daytime running lights and turn signals have appeared, as well as mirrors of a slightly different shape. Inside, the seat upholstery has changed, the electronic instrument panel is now from the VAZ-2115, and the rear seat began to fold in two stages - first the cushion, and then the backrest. But there were plenty of technical innovations.

They began to install a modernized VAZ-21214M unit under the hood, which was equipped with distributed injection and complied with Euro-3 environmental standards (and then to this day - Euro-5). To eliminate coolant leaks, new gaskets with an elastic silicone bead were introduced, which retain their properties throughout the entire service life of the vehicle and do not require tightening. The pump used a new imported seal. Some modifications began to be equipped with ABS, the diameter of the Valeo clutch increased from 200 to 215 mm, and since 2007, the Lada 4×4 began to be equipped with power steering.

2014–2019: Lada 4×4 Urban, air conditioning and further modernization

In 2014, the Lada 4×4 began production of the “city” version Urban - plastic bumpers, a new radiator grille, black previously chromed parts, athermal glass, metallic colors and R16 alloy wheels. The interior features a new “chubby” steering wheel with a smaller diameter, improved sound insulation, a VDO instrument panel, extended windshield wipers, cup holders on the center tunnel, heated seats, power windows and mirror controls, and most importantly, air conditioning!

But the list of internal changes for the Lada 4×4 turned out to be quite impressive. The crosspieces on the cardan shafts of the axle drives have finally given way to CV joints, which has reduced noise and vibration. Finally, the body began to be painted using cataphoretic and polyester primers, which improved corrosion resistance. Also over the years, a number of smaller innovations were introduced: ABS and Isofix fastenings appeared on the five-door version, the rear seat belt fastenings were moved, new rear door upholstery was used, double-sided windshield washers and a metal cord sheath for the hood opening drive cable.

Comparison of the penultimate reincarnation of the 2022 Lada 4×4 with the new Suzuki Jimny off-road:

2019: latest update so far

We still believe that the interior of the very first Niva looked most organic and charismatic. All its updates over the past 40 years resembled some kind of semi-finished product, although Lada acquired things necessary for comfort and safety, such as an airbag (only a side one! - for the correct operation of ERA-GLONASS) and air conditioning. It seems that AvtoVAZ also understood the need for radical changes, and finally we have seen them: since last year, all Nivas have been sold with a completely new interior and slightly modified appearance.

All versions (not only Urban) are now equipped with plastic bumpers, and fog lights are also implanted in the front one. The engine now sits on new mounts. But the main differences are in the interior. The most noticeable change is the completely new front panel. The “tidy” is now similar to those of Vesta or XRAY - with orange scales, radial digitization and large arrows. But the most important thing is that an on-board computer with a fuel consumption sensor has finally appeared. Although this is unlikely to greatly console the future owner, because the Niva traditionally cannot boast of efficiency. In the center is a completely new climate control unit with three classic “knobs”—always jamming sliders are a thing of the past! Above it are a row of backlit buttons (turning on the rear wiper and heated glass, air conditioning and recirculation) and other, much neater, air ducts. Below there are a pair of 12-volt outlets. The light control unit is also new, as are the fog light switches. The front seats have changed shape, padding, as well as the sliding mechanism. Massive headrests appeared in the back row, retracting almost flush. New seals were installed in the doorways, and the doors themselves acquired new limiters. The ceiling is now covered with a pile covering, there is a modernized lock at the tailgate, and in the luggage compartment itself there is another 12 V socket. Among the little things - a new lampshade and a button for the ERA-GLONASS system. It cannot be said that with such an interior, the Niva has become a modern car, but still, in both its appearance and functionality, it is the best in all these 43 years.

They say that in 2023 AvtoVAZ plans to begin production of a completely new Lada 4×4. True, this date is constantly being postponed, and no one has 100 percent confidence in the appearance of the new Niva in a couple of years.

And it will be a completely different story using Renault units. Thus, for some time there will be as many as three Nivas left on the market - the old Lada 4×4, the Chevrolet Niva and the new Lada 4×4. It’s a pity, of course, but the “old lady” will soon have to retire one way or another. However, who knows, maybe she will also celebrate her 50th birthday on the assembly line?

Technical characteristics of Lada 4×4

Photobonus

Floating Niva (VAZ-2122)

This model was developed by order of the Ministry of Defense exclusively to equip the USSR army. The same VAZ-2121 was used as a base, the metal roof of which was replaced with a fabric awning. The car had 2 gas tanks and was equipped with a 1.3 liter engine. The cooling system has been seriously modified to allow less water and more air to enter the engine compartment. The bumpers were designed so that any military vehicle could push the Niva without damage if it got stuck in mud or water. In addition, a winch, usually used on UAZs, was added to the car. The amphibian developed a speed of just over 4 km/h when moving through water.

Jeeps and crossovers: what is the difference between a crossover and a jeep

The topic of this article will be two types of cars that not only have many similar qualities, but also some noticeable differences. These are SUVs, which many people call jeeps, and similar, but created for less harsh conditions, vehicles - crossovers.

If jeeps were originally created as off-road vehicles, then crossovers have different roots. They are direct descendants of all-wheel drive station wagons, which were very popular in their time.

What is the difference between a crossover and a jeep in real “combat” conditions? A crossover, no matter how good it is, will sooner or later get stuck in the mud. And only a tractor can get it. And the jeep, with the help of available means, all-wheel drive and a powerful engine, is able to get out on its own.

Russia has its own cars, which are considered to be jeeps. These are UAZ and Niva.

Among the crossovers there are also real models - veterans who have gone through more than one restyling and have been on sale for a dozen or two years. Such pioneering pioneers include the Toyota RAV4, which recently celebrated its twentieth anniversary. Oh, how often this car becomes an indispensable participant in our thoughts. It seems like just yesterday, when they wrote about the difference between SUVs and crossovers, they took it as one of the features.

Toyota is a company that produces several models of SUVs and crossovers. Each of them is quite popular and sells well. These are the Land Cruiser, Land Cruiser Prado, FJ Cruiser, Venza, Vanguard and 4Runner.

With such a composition, the company feels quite comfortable in most classes. Of course, there is competition in the form of Mitsubishi and other countrymen. It also exists from South Korean companies. And no one denies this.

Almost all jeeps and crossovers from Japan sell well in Russia. And the same RAV4 is sold here no worse than any Chevrolet Niva.

In Europe everything is somewhat different. There are crossovers for the middle class, top-end equipment and small cars that are bought by the same target audience as hatchbacks. These are the same Peugeots and Citroens.

At the same time, Japanese and South Korean cars burst into the European market. Nissan Juke created a real sensation in Europe. The situation with Mitsubishi is no worse. From this company, Outlander and ASX are gradually expanding the reach of Asian automakers.

The only country that has never been able to conquer automotive Europe is China. Their new jeeps and crossovers are not particularly exciting here. There are many reasons for this. For the same money you can buy something proven. Plus, not every Chinese car will pass Euro NCAP.

Differences between SUVs and crossovers

In fairness, it should be noted that SUVs are now called crossovers - cars for good city roads. That is, a beautiful jeep is not for dirt. Occasionally, such cars are specially modified for countries like Russia or India, where the roads are bad, or very bad.

The road clearance of a jeep (SUV) is almost always greater. This is done intentionally to reduce the likelihood of getting stuck in mud or snow. Especially using the example of the 2014 Ford Ranger, you can see what the ground clearance of an SUV should be.

Crossovers come in compact, mid-size and full-size varieties. Plus, from time to time they produce models with an additional row of seats. To achieve this, the wheelbase can be increased.

Jeeps originated from the military vehicles of the same name, created for driving through deserts, jungles and other hard-to-reach places and off-road conditions. They initially have a powerful engine and reliable suspension. Almost always, an SUV has all-wheel drive or an all-wheel drive option. Among crossovers, all-wheel drive is rather a pleasant option, which does not always change things.

Diesel jeeps and crossovers are popular among car enthusiasts around the world. This technique can, at times, show excellent performance, especially when paired with all-wheel drive and a good transmission. Most often, the transmission in such cars is automatic or robotic.

The best jeeps in the world

It is impossible to give a definite answer which jeep is better. Even in different countries where the same cars are used, the answer will be different. Some people are delighted with the Grand Cherokee, while others like the Land Rover.

But there is a kind of top list that is approximately the same everywhere. And we will tell you who is included in it. In principle - no numbers. Just a list of great cars. There are cars that are popular in our country and several that you won’t find here:

• Land Cruiser 75;
• Ford Bigfoot;
• Ford Ranger;
• Jeep Grand Cherokee 2011;
• Volkswagen Touareg V10TDI;
• Mercedes-Benz G500;
• Range Rover Sport Supercharged;
• Nissan Patrol;
• Hummer h2;
• Toyota FJ Cruiser;
• Land Rover Freelander;
• Mitsubishi Pajero/Pajero Sport;
• Lamborghini LM002;
• Ford Explorer;

Of course, you can consider completely different cars to be the best, and based on real experience of using several cars at once. That is why our list does not pretend to be official. However, the same Grand Cherokee has repeatedly won various serious ratings from respected automotive publications around the world.

Having looked at the characteristics of these cars, you can guess what is the main difference between a jeep and a crossover.

And now a real clash between champion jeeps and giants of their own weight! Rate the video:

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Diesel Niva (VAZ-21215)

Perhaps many will be surprised now, but diesel engines were actually installed on Nivas. This happened at the end of the second and beginning of the third millennium. This version of the Niva was not designed for the domestic market and was produced exclusively for export. Diesel engines with the index XUD9SD were borrowed from the French auto giant Peugeot. In addition to the engine, the car also received a number of changes to the body. A lot of plastic was added on top of the usual body, and the rear door providing access to the trunk was extended to the level of the bumper to ensure comfortable loading. Due to the lengthening of the door, the rear lights had to be made vertical.

Pros and cons of the Chevrolet Niva compared to the regular Niva

Let us highlight the characteristic features relating to both the 21st Niva and subsequent models VAZ-21213 and VAZ-21214. We will not consider the Long Niva (VAZ-2131), pickup truck (VAZ-2329) and other modifications. So, let's start with the undeniable advantages of the regular Niva compared to the Shevik:

1. Patency. Due to the short wheelbase, the 21st model has better geometric cross-country ability.
2. Price. In the same condition, a regular Niva will be 1.5-2 times cheaper than a Shevik.
3. Availability and low cost of spare parts. Especially for body parts.
4. "Psychological passability." An ordinary Niva is not so scary to be scratched or slightly dented, unlike a Chevrolet.
5. The best predisposition for off-road tuning.

Now let's list the disadvantages of the 21st Niva compared to the Chevrolet Niva:

1. Low level of comfort. Noise, vibration, lack of power steering (on old Nivas), uncomfortable driving position.
2. Outdated design. Although this is a controversial point, because the design of an ordinary Niva is recognizable all over the world, which cannot be said about the Shniva.
3. Poor aerodynamics.
4. Poor handling on the highway.
5. Cramped interior. This includes an uncomfortable seating position in the back row and a small trunk.

And also interesting: Rating: 20 best crossovers in terms of price and quality.
Everything is clear with the advantages and disadvantages of the regular Niva compared to the Shevik. Let's move on to the Chevrolet Niva.

Let us list the main advantages of the Chevrolet Niva:

1. Modern and quite successful design.
2. Passive safety. Although its level is unacceptably low, it is still slightly higher than that of a regular Niva. Chevy cars of recent years are preferable in terms of safety.
3. Relatively high level of driving comfort. Less vibration, less noise, comfortable driving position, power steering.
4. Spacious salon. This also includes a comfortable back row, seating and a relatively spacious trunk.
5. Not bad aerodynamics.

Now the disadvantages:

1. More expensive than a regular Niva, both in purchase and in maintenance and repair.
2. Poor cross-country ability due to the extended base and lower bumpers.
3. An abundance of plastic, especially on new Sheviks. A controversial point, because plastic protects the body from minor damage (scratches, chips).
4. Weak engine. The dynamics of Shevik are worse than those of a regular Niva.
5. More mass. On marshy soils this is a minus, but in other cases it can be a plus (shallow mud, loose snow).

Plastic protects the body from scratches and chips

It is also worth paying attention to one more point - body rigidity. It seems that the three-door car should have it higher, but the Shevik has thicker side members, so not everything is so simple.

Hydrogen Niva (VAZ-2131 "Antel")

The hydrogen elements in this car created electricity, which then acted on the electric motors. As you understand, the classification according to environmental standards allowed the car to be used in absolutely any country, because this car did not make noise and did not consume the usual fuel. Unfortunately, this model never entered mass production. The car was presented in 2001, and that’s where its story ended – only photographs remained. Let's hope that in the near future the domestic manufacturer will begin mass-producing cars with similar installations.

All-terrain vehicle from a car?

Take a production model, add a driven front axle - and you're ready for a comfortable SUV! Engineers from Nizhny Novgorod GAZ and Moscow AZLK adhered to this logic when developing all-wheel drive Pobeda and Moskvich vehicles.

Experience in operating these vehicles has shown that a tall passenger car is prone to tipping over. And the “tail” of a sedan or station wagon gets stuck when trying to drive through a hole or when simply driving into a ditch. VAZ General Director Viktor Polyakov previously headed the Moscow Automobile Plant, and VAZ Chief Designer Vladimir Solovyov worked at GAZ for many years. The problems of “overpriced” cars were known to them firsthand. It is not surprising that such a development of an all-wheel drive vehicle was rejected.

Collector Niva (VAZ-2121B)

This version of the Niva was created in 1992, since a consequence of perestroika was the beginning of the formation of a new banking system, which in turn created a demand for this type of car. Only a few enterprises operating in the banking sector could afford to purchase expensive armored foreign cars. Therefore, the Togliatti giant took upon itself the function of supplying Russian banks with armored Nivas. The body became bulletproof, and in the corners of the side windows there were special loopholes designed for defensive actions in the event of an attack by intruders, of whom, by the way, there were quite a few in the 90s.

How Niva turned out to be a Romanian FIAT.

Designers have a tradition of not telling outsiders about promising developments ahead of time. Therefore, all work on the all-wheel drive Zhiguli was surrounded by secrecy. Certain actions were even taken to mislead those interested beyond measure. Thus, the future leading designer of Niva, and in the early 70s a young specialist Valery Semushkin came up with a fictitious emblem in the form of a cross and the inscription Formika (in Latin - ant).

As a rule, everyone who was curious was told that a car with such insignia was homemade, but some were secretly told that it was a Romanian FIAT. People believed, but the development of the Niva remained a sealed secret.

Commercial Niva (VAZ-2121F)

This Niva was developed specifically for export to foreign countries, where this type of body was in great demand. The rear of the car was actually turned into a cargo compartment - the glass was replaced with metal inserts, and the back row of seats was simply absent. Inside the van there were cargo holdfasts. In addition, for safety, special crossbars were installed in the cars to protect the driver and passenger from the load shifting forward during braking. In general, it turned out to be a good option, but this Niva noticeably loses in the competition with many similar cars - this is due to the fact that commercial vehicles do not need its off-road qualities, which only add to the cost of operation and maintenance.

Niva convertible (Lada Niva Cabrio)

German engineering minds were used to create this modification. And the first thing these minds came up with was to completely cut off the roof. That's right - a UAZ with a tarpaulin, why not Niva repeat this experience. The wheel arches were widened and protruded beautifully to the sides. The front arches smoothly flowed into the front bumper, and the rear lights “moved” into the body of the rear bumper - all this added many advantages to the appearance. Since the Niva’s body is load-bearing, the problem of its deformation had to be solved by integrating a metal pipe into the base of the body. So now you know that some Nivas had an integrated frame.

Niva for travel (VAZ-2121 “Auviga”)

There was also a modification for travelers, which consisted of two independent parts - the front part of the car was a pickup truck made from a short-wheelbase Niva. On top of this pickup, the second part, which actually consisted of a room with windows and a door, was laid and tightened with two fasteners. This part had one wheel axle, absolutely identical to the wheelbase of any other Niva. Since the car was quite large, large mirrors were screwed onto the front fenders for safety. About 2 such models were produced. Due to the collapse of the USSR, production of this Niva ceased.

Beach Niva (VAZ-212183 “Landole”)

The model turned out to be extremely noticeable, because the body is noticeably modified to suit the buggy style: there are no doors, instead of a roof there is a curved structure made of metal pipes, and there is a kangaroo guard on the front of the car. The car is also equipped with power steering. Among other things, a lot of different body kits have been added (including an additional air intake on the surface of the hood) and plastic lining throughout the body. This car is intended exclusively for the summer season. If the car is reduced by one and a half times, you will get a full-fledged ATV with a round steering wheel and a small roof from the rain (or, again, a buggy).

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Spanish Niva (Lada Niva iKRA)

The Lada Niva Ikra was developed specifically for export to Spain. Like most domestic cars sold abroad, Ikra had a rather interesting appearance. The bumpers were connected to each other by long gray body kits of an unusual shape - it looked very good, especially in comparison with standard Nivas. Additional engine cooling was installed on the surface of the hood in the form of an elegant oncoming air intake. The rear part of the car was not without body kits, where plastic elements were installed to create a streamlined aerodynamic appearance.

Californian Niva (Lada Niva California)

This is the German version of the Niva, looking at which Niva admirers “drool.” What is its peculiarity? Brilliant design and unique sunroof. There is something visible in the design that is close to the standard appearance of this car. Beautifully drawn lines and a two-tone body with a prominent roof complement each other perfectly - the touches of a professional designer are immediately visible. But the main feature is the huge fabric sunroof, which when open makes the car look like something close to a convertible. ATS wheels are also very original and perfectly complement the above advantages. The interior is equipped with comfortable seats and a steering wheel.

What is the difference between a crossover, a SUV and an SUV, a jeep. Niva (Lada4*4) what class does it belong to?

Niva (also known as VAZ-2121 and LADA 4×4) is a Soviet and Russian all-terrain vehicle - a small-class all-terrain vehicle with a monocoque body and permanent all-wheel drive (Wikipedia)

A crossover is a car that looks like a jeep, but is smaller and cheaper. Doesn't even always have all-wheel drive. SUV = Crossover. SUV = Jeep = off-road vehicle. Usually large, on a frame, all-wheel drive with locks and lowering is required. Niva = jeep. Extremely cheap, homeless class, but a jeep. ))

Niva is a full-fledged zhyp. because it has a lowering, locking and four driven wheels without any viscous couplings and other crap

SUVs and crossovers are practically the same thing. Jeep is a car brand in the United States that has become a household name among people for all SUVs (Jeep of the Chrysler concern). The main difference between an SUV and a SUV or crossover is that the first, unlike the latter, can move off-road and is adapted to this, while the latter do not, and SUVs also have downshifts and transfer cases... others do not. Niva is an SUV; it has lowering and even locking.

It's like alcoholic and non-alcoholic beer

You can have all this, but the drive is only one hey on two wheels

Niva is both, and the third, combined. In Soviet times, these types of vehicles were called all-terrain vehicles. Niva is a passenger all-terrain vehicle.

SUV, crossover is a car that is made on the platform of a regular passenger car by increasing the ground clearance, and often with all-wheel drive. the body can have any shape, but here you need to look from below, and not from the side, in order to understand what is intended for what. An SUV is a car that was originally made with the ability to drive anywhere, so the suspension is structurally more complex than a passenger MacPherson strut, the body (frame) is stronger, and the transmission is more sophisticated. and the Niva is finally a masterpiece. on the one hand, a modified Zhiguli (that is, passenger) body, on the other, a good transmission and a suspension that is relatively correct for an SUV. but this is all due to the fact that the Lada itself is quite archaic in design: a rigid axle at the rear and double wishbones at the front, a longitudinal layout of the power unit.

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Sports Niva (Lada Gorbi)

It’s quite difficult to call this miracle of design a Niva at all, since the body has been redesigned beyond recognition. The main body material is plastic, the shapes of which have absolutely nothing in common with the shapes of the usual Niva body. These shapes were created by German industrial designer Luigi Colani, who loves to experiment with aerodynamics. As a result, it turns out that there is only one part left from the Niva and this car - the chassis. The car was produced in one copy.

Niva and her “relative” from Izhevsk

The task of creating a compact SUV - a “car for rural areas” - was not only posed to VAZ. Similar projects were being developed at several automobile factories in the USSR. Some went into production - for example, all-wheel drive LUAZs, and some remained prototypes. These are the developments of AZLK and the IZH-14 SUV. It is noteworthy that the Izhevsk development is today kept in the factory museum - and visitors are told the exciting story of the confrontation between Izh and Niva.

In 1974, Niva entered state tests, which included comparative off-road tests. At this moment, the VAZ SUV was almost ready, worked out. “IZHMASH presented two samples of its all-wheel drive IZH-14,” says leading Niva tester Vadim Kotlyarov in the book “Flame of High Thought.”

Externally, it was a quite decent car, although made in the style of the Niva, but not at all similar to it. Its only drawback (but what a drawback!) was that it was still at an early stage of development, which means it had a full range of “childhood diseases” that the VAZ jeep had long since gotten rid of! And therefore, in this peculiar competition with the Niva, the Izhevsk models were obviously at a disadvantage. It was, of course, impossible to present this car to the state commission in the place of the Izhevsk residents, since it was still clearly “raw”. But it seems that they had nothing else, so they took a risk, went all-in and ended up losing - it was already difficult to compete with Niva.

The resistance to movement on dense March snow is determined (the cable of the traction winch is visible). In the background are the second Niva, LUAZ Volyn, IZH-14 and Land Rover 88.

In addition to the Izhevsk prototype, LUAZ Volyn, UAZ-469, Land Rover and Range Rover took part in the comparative races. The Niva showed such a high level of cross-country ability that, at the request of experts, repeated tests were carried out - with the same victorious result.

Okhotnichya Niva (Lada 4x4 “Lynx”)

This model is designed specifically for use in Russian forests and fields. The car's chassis was modernized - suspension travel and ground clearance were increased. Basic vehicles are equipped with all-terrain tires, power steering and an electrical package that includes power windows and heated mirrors. The vehicle is successfully used by hunters and fishermen, mushroom pickers and gardeners, as well as many agricultural enterprises that need to move employees and small loads on bad roads.

Versatility

Niva is a small and compact car. It is suitable both for use in a metropolis and for driving on field roads, or even without them. You can use it to drive up to the Bolshoi Theater and take away the carcass of a wild boar. For those who find the usual three-door modification insufficiently spacious, a long-wheelbase five-door modification is available. And on the Niva base, tuning studios made a variety of modifications, ranging from armored ones to monsters on wheels with a diameter almost like the rear wheels of the Belarus tractor. I had to meet Nivas all over Europe. And more often than any other domestic car.

Niva can even serve in the police.

Niva can even serve in the police.

Urban Niva (Lada 4x4 “Urban”)

One of the latest new products is the Lada 4x4 Urban model, which is currently produced by AvtoVAZ. External features of this model are light tuning of external body elements (modified bumper and radiator grille) and alloy wheels with a diameter of 16 inches. In addition, the car is equipped with electric windows, heated power mirrors, heated seats and the long-awaited air conditioning. The manufacturer offers 9 color options in different shades. The engine and manual transmission are installed in a single version each. There is no more budget SUV with zero mileage, because the cost of the Niva Urban at the beginning of April 2022 is just over half a million rubles.

History of creation

In 1970, the state set the important task for the teams of the Togliatti plant, Moscow AZLK and Izhmash in Izhevsk to create an all-terrain vehicle that combines the comfort of a passenger car.

Prototypes were created based on the AZLK-415, as well as the Izh-14, but it was difficult to establish their serial production. At VAZ, already during the development of the concept, most of the units assemblies from the mastered ones were transferred to the model being created.

A feature of the designed SUV was the exterior of a completely passenger car, which, however, applied to the interior, where the interior of the Ladushka 2106 was present. By 1972, running prototypes of the model were ready, under the symbol E-2121, which passed the most severe tests on real off-road conditions.

The Urals and the Urals region were chosen for testing, where pre-production samples of the SUV were run. For a real comparison of off-road performance, British Land Rover, Range Rover, as well as the military model UAZ-469 were taken for comparison.

The car was given a real assessment by combining “off-road” “passenger” programs during testing. The SUV passed all the tests with honor; on July 31, 1975, an order was signed to introduce it into series, Lada cars were replenished with one more car.

Soon after the launch of the conveyor, the production plan for SUVs was increased from 25,000 to 70,000 units. Almost 80% of these cars were exported. In Japan, the Lada Niva was the only Soviet car that was sold there.

Extended Niva

Most of the models listed above have an extended five-door version. The first extended Niva, which created a lot of discussions among car enthusiasts, was the Niva 2131 - all other attempts to lengthen the Niva had not been successful. Despite the fact that the length of the body negatively affected off-road and dynamic qualities, it quickly gained popularity among domestic motorists. Probably the reason for this was that such a body is more comfortable for passengers and more spacious for various cargoes - this is quite the case, because the short-wheelbase Niva has very little space for rear passengers and a very small trunk.