Steering gearbox of the Niva car

Steering gear design on Niva

But before we start shamanism with a tambourine, a few words about the design of that very steering gearbox.
The Shaitan machine, although not cunning in its design delights, still requires ingenuity and understanding from anyone who decides to repair it. The picture was stolen from the Internet (c) who knows?

Carter
Bipod
Lower crankcase cover
Shims
Worm shaft bearing outer ring
Ball separator
Bipod shaft
Adjustment screw
Adjustment plate
Lock washer
Worm shaft
Upper crankcase cover
Sealing gasket
Bipod shaft bushing
Worm shaft seal
Bipod shaft seal.

During the operation of the columns, worm and roller, namely during their combined operation (friction or rolling as is correct), the operating gap in this pair increases, play appears trivially and some strange knocks and sounds appear.

The appearance of play leads to an increase in the free play of the steering wheel and wobble. And this, in turn, is not normal. Is the steering wheel moving? Poor handling, sensitivity and speed of response are lost, which means safe driving can be kept silent.

I didn’t open America to you here.

This play, if not eliminated in time, namely by not adjusting the steering gear, leads to the appearance of chips, microcracks and subsequent mechanical damage to the main pair - the worm and the bipod.

Well, in the end there comes a complete paragraph and failure. And you, yes, exactly you, end up with your hard-earned tugriks, because a new steering gearbox is less than five, and for Chevrolets with and without power steering, up to a whole ten rubles, in local Chinese spare parts stores, will not cost... checked...

No, of course, not everything is so scary because the gearbox can be removed and disassembled. How to do this will be discussed below.

Disassembly

Drain the oil from the steering mechanism and secure it to the bracket A.74076/R with support A.74076/1.

After unscrewing the nut securing the steering bipod 2 (Fig. 5-5) and removing the spring washer, use puller A.47043 to remove the bipod (Fig. 5-6). Having unscrewed the fastening bolts, remove the cover 12 (Fig. 5-5) of the steering gear housing together with the cap, adjusting screw 8, adjusting plate 9, lock washer 10 and lock nut. Remove the bipod shaft 7 assembled with the roller from the steering gear housing 1.

Rice. 5-5. Steering gear parts:

1 – crankcase; 2 – bipod; 3 – lower crankcase cover; 4 – adjusting shims; 5 - outer ring of the worm shaft bearing; 6 – separator with balls; 7 – bipod shaft; 8 – adjusting screw; 9 – adjustment plate; 10 – lock washer; 11 – worm shaft; 12 – upper crankcase cover; 13 – sealing gasket; 14 – bipod shaft bushing; 15 – worm shaft oil seal; 16 – bipod shaft seal.

Rice. 5-6. Removing the bipod:

1 – puller A.47043; 2 – steering bipod shaft; 3 – bipod; 4 – bracket A.74076/R.

Having unscrewed the fastening bolts, remove the cover 3 of the thrust bearing of the worm shaft together with the adjusting shims 4.

Using the worm shaft 11, push the outer ring 5 of the bearing out of the crankcase and remove the shaft together with the bearing cage 6. Remove oil seal 15 of the worm shaft and oil seal 16 of the bipod shaft.

Using mandrel 67.7853.9541, remove the outer ring of the upper bearing (Fig. 5-7).

Rice. 5-7. Removing the outer ring of the upper worm bearing using puller 67.7853.9541:

1 – steering gear housing; 2 – outer ring of the upper bearing of the worm; 3 – mandrel 67.7853.9541.

Steering

Steering
The Niva uses a worm-type steering gear. It provides reliable vehicle control at any speed and in different road conditions. The worm mechanism is equipped with a globoid type worm (variable shaft diameter) connected to an intermediate shaft and roller. A bipod is installed on the outer part of the roller shaft, which, through rods, activates the rotating mechanism. The rotation of the steering wheel ensures the movement of the bipod through a worm gear; it turns the wheels with rods.

The worm steering mechanism has a low level of sensitivity to shocks and impacts transmitted from the wheels on uneven roads. It has the ability to direct a VAZ vehicle to large turning angles and, accordingly, provides excellent maneuverability of the vehicle. The disadvantage of a worm gear is that it is difficult to manufacture. Worm steering has many connections and therefore requires periodic adjustments and adjustments.

The worm steering mechanism is used on off-road passenger cars with dependent wheel suspension, light trucks and buses. The simplicity of the design has an increased service life and a high degree of maintainability. A slight drawback may seem to be a slightly increased effort on the steering wheel, which occurs for a number of reasons. Having analyzed the design of the steering gear and the loads acting on it, we determine problem areas and ways to solve problems.

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The basic steering gearbox is equipped with a worm pair, which during operation causes steering resistance due to friction between the worm and the worm gear. This is the operating principle of a worm gear; therefore, it is not possible to completely get rid of this factor. The solution is to use high-quality lubricant in the gearbox and monitor the condition of the working surfaces.

The steering gearbox has two rolling bearings (worm shaft), two plain bearings on the bipod shaft (also known as the worm wheel shaft). The bearings themselves, in good and lubricated condition, reduce friction of the main parts (and, accordingly, reduce the force on the steering wheel).

In addition, the pendulum arm, which rotates on two plain bearings and ensures the movement of the steering rack, makes its contribution. The use of high-quality lubricant and periodic monitoring of the condition of boots, connections and rods will reduce the possibility of increased force on the steering wheel.

Thirdly, the six steering fingers must provide a high-quality connection, work correctly in the same planes with the system, and ensure the mobility of the steering mechanism.

How to disassemble the Niva steering gear

First of all, the oil should be drained from the gearbox.
Having disconnected the rods and unscrewed the bolts securing the gearbox to the body spar, remove it from the car.
We remove the bipod. Unscrew the nut securing it. The bipod usually sticks strongly; to remove it, you should hit it sharply with a hammer.
Then unscrew the bolts securing the upper cover of the gearbox housing and remove it along with the adjusting shims.
The outer bearing race should now be pushed out of the crankcase. To do this we use a worm shaft.
Then we remove the shaft along with the separator.
Remove the oil seals for the worm shaft and bipod shaft.

Purpose

The Niva SK 5 series has gained the greatest popularity among small farms with small acreage.
The equipment is used in conditions where the use of high-performance machines is impractical. In small areas, the model is indispensable; together with the affordable price, this feature ensures consistently high demand for this series. The main area of application of Niva SK 5 is harvesting grain crops. Some modifications of the combine are used for harvesting legumes, rice, soybeans and corn.

Secrets of the mechanism

Steering gear mechanism
In addition, the force is affected by the ball joints and their condition. The VAZ 2121 has four supports, and damage or breakage of even one will lead to poor performance of the entire steering mechanism. Periodic monitoring of the condition of the boots, timely routine replacement of ball boots, and the use of high-quality spare parts have a positive effect on both the reduction of steering effort and the handling of the Niva 2121 as a whole.

A significant influence is exerted by the two front wheels, which rub against the road surface when cornering. The laws of physics and the principles of driving a vehicle cannot eliminate this factor.

In the VAZ steering gearbox, the bipod shaft is equipped with two supports with bronze bushings, the friction between the shaft and the body is increased. Bronze bushings (sliding bearings), due to the fact that the friction coefficient in the steel-bronze pair is quite low. But it is still insufficient to achieve minimal resistance, so great importance is attached to the presence of a sufficient amount of grease in the steering gearbox. On the other hand, it is possible to use needle roller bearings instead of bronze bushings.

The fundamental factor in the operation of the rolling pair is the reduction in the contact area of the moving parts, since the shaft does not touch the supports, but rotates in the housing by means of needles. Only rolling resistance occurs, which significantly reduces the drag coefficient and, accordingly, reduces the force on the steering column.

In addition, the resource of parts and the durability of the steering mechanism increases. Since bronze bushings take the load over the entire surface, and needle bearings only along the rolling line. The hardened steel needles used are capable of withstanding heavy loads occurring in the steering mechanism, depending on the operating conditions of the VAZ 2121.

In the pendulum arm, the plain bearings can also be replaced by rolling bearings. This will increase the sharpness of control, make it easier to control and will contribute to the reliability and durability of the steering mechanism. Periodic monitoring of the condition of the anthers and pins connecting to the rack will increase the service life of parts and maintain the ease of control of the Niva 2121.

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Application of the listed methods and compliance with the rules of periodic monitoring and maintenance will achieve certain results:

The effort on the steering wheel is reduced at different speeds, when maneuvering in reverse and while parking. This increases the safety of vehicle operation.
The level of shock transmitted from the wheels to the steering wheel on uneven roads is reduced. The worm gearbox plays a role in this, which reduces the transmission of vibrations and shocks.
The service life of loaded parts increases, which increases the durability and reliability of the steering gear. If the bronze bushings are replaced with rolling bearings, which have a longer service life and allow you to save the seats.
The efficiency of the steering gear and the steering mechanism as a whole increases significantly, which helps to increase the service life.
The force on the steering wheel is reduced, which has a positive effect on driving a VAZ car.

Recommendations

Comments 18

They are only available for 2121 and 213: The old model has a long shaft, the new model has a short shaft, 214 is already a steering wheel. and those without steering wheel, those come with a regular gearbox 213 Our price tags are: 21210-3400010-00 Steering gearbox 2121 - 2210r 21213-3400010-10 Steering gearbox 21213 VAZ n/o (short shaft) 2513r 21213-3400010-00 Gearbox steering 21213 VAZ s/o (long shaft) 2542r

Steering gearbox 21214 short shaft for the domestic VAZ car. Article 21214-3400010. Price per piece 2439.00 rub.

Of course, I could be wrong, AvtoVAZ has made a lot of hybrids))) But not a single catalog contains 214 gearboxes separately. Here are all the options:

Catalog of spare parts for VAZ-2121 Modifications: 2121, 21211, 21212 - Article: 2121-3400010 and 21212-3400010

Catalog of spare parts for VAZ-21213 catalog 1997 Modifications: 21213, 21214, 21215, 21216, 21217, 21218, 212146 - Article number: 21213-3400010-01

Catalog of spare parts for VAZ-21213-214i catalog 2005 Modifications: 21213, 21214i, 21214-20i, 21215-10, 2129, 2129-01, 2130, 2131, 2131-01, 21312, 21312-01 Article: 21216-3400010 21213-3400010 21216-3400010-10 21213-3400010-10

And the design itself makes it clear to us that we have a 2101 body, 2121 and 21213 bipods, and the length of the shafts was only different.

How can you tell which one is worth it without removing it? I have 213 2002

It can be visually seen that if the shaft is short, the cardan joint connecting to the steering wheel will be almost at the engine shield, with a long shaft it is high and covered by the steering casing

What is the difference between the 2121 gearbox and the 21213 gearbox with the old-style long shaft? Nothing works out?

the bipods are different, the gearbox is the same

That means the 213 won’t fit on the classic Niva 93g?

You have different fist levers and steering bipod, it will get up, but the turning radius and steering will definitely change. Buy a new one and simply replace the bipod from the old one.

I also plan to change the steering gear. What's worse from the 213? what did you buy for?

the difference in the shaft is no worse... if you install the EUR, it seems like the shaft needs to be short

for EUR you need a short shaft, or cut and cook a long one)))

I also plan to change the steering gear. What's worse from the 213? what did you buy for?

Adjusting the Niva steering gear

And so, we disassembled and replaced the worn elements, installed the gearbox on the car and now we can start adjusting.

The order of our actions will be as follows:

Opening the hood and looking at the gearbox, on the top cover of which there is an adjusting screw and a lock nut, these are what we need.
Loosen the lock nut and use a flat screwdriver to turn the screw. By tightening the screw clockwise, the backlash in the column gears will decrease, but this is provided that the length of the adjusting screw allows us to tighten it.

If the screw is tightened all the way and the play is not removed, then the column must be replaced.

Repair and assembly

Correct and timely maintenance of the steering gear is the key to long-lasting and reliable operation, but there are times when breakdowns do occur. In this case, repairs with complete or partial disassembly simply cannot be avoided. When repairing, it is necessary to pay attention to some features and important points, the use of which will increase the reliability of the mechanism and improve its characteristics.

Repair of the steering gear
To remove and disassemble the gearbox, it is necessary to hang the front of the car and remove the steering rods. From inside, unscrew the bolt securing the supply shaft from the gearbox shaft. Next, we disconnect the gearbox from the spar by unscrewing the three bolts with spanners. In the engine compartment, remove the hoses and parts that are located in the line of the steering rods.

When the gearbox is unscrewed and removed from the shaft in the cabin, we pull it out of the engine compartment by turning the bipod to the left. Particular attention should be paid to the condition of the gaskets, their location and degree of wear. An unreliable seal can lead to loss of lubrication or contamination of internal cavities. The next step is to unscrew the plug and remove the oil from the steering gear housing, after which you need to unscrew the bipod.

We place the gearbox on a stand made of two boards so as not to damage the shaft splines and unscrew the nut, then remove the bipod. Additionally, you can screw the nut onto the shaft until the ends are mutually aligned. Next, disconnect the steering gear cover by gradually unscrewing the locknut of the adjusting bolt and remove the cover, gradually moving it towards the worm.

In this case, you need to be especially careful with the gaskets if they are in good condition; at the slightest jam or pressing out, the gasket must be replaced. The next step is to remove the bipod shaft, press in the worm shaft and remove the seals. All cavities must be washed and wiped with a rag, checking for dents, chips and any other damage.

It is also necessary to check the crankcase for the presence of metal shavings, which indicates wear of certain parts. It is imperative to check the gaps and play in the mating parts and check the wear of the working surfaces. After carrying out a defective inspection of the steering gear, we replace damaged parts if necessary.

We carry out assembly in the reverse order, making sure to lubricate the parts with oil, and all oil seals with grease (lithol). Install a new cover gasket with an adjusting screw. We mount the bipod, tightening the nut as much as possible. Then we install the steering gear in its regular place, special attention must be paid to the connection of the worm with the intermediate shaft; distortions and misalignments are not allowed here.

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It is also necessary to align the direction of the bipod and the steering wheel. The average position of the bipod can be determined by counting the number of shaft revolutions and dividing by two. Next, tighten the gearbox mounting nuts (it is advisable to install new ones), attach the steering rods to the bipod. Fill the gear housing with oil and use the adjusting bolt to select the play in the steering gear.

By adhering to these simple recommendations, you can improve the handling of the VAZ, increase driving safety, and the durability of the steering gearbox and the mechanism as a whole. The use of a worm-type steering gearbox on the VAZ 2121 has been justified for many years, let alone decades. Having the need for periodic adjustment and maintenance, the gearbox ensures trouble-free operation throughout its entire service life.

Technical specifications

was founded at the beginning of the 20th century. This company, known not only in its native country, but also near and far abroad, once produced Niva SK-5 combine harvesters. Now its modernized successors are produced there.

Without exaggeration, this outstanding machine began to be produced in 1958 as the SK-3 model. Having previously produced exclusively trailed combine harvesters, the plant took a big step forward by independently developing the first self-propelled harvesting machine. From that moment on, the country had technology of a completely different level, modern and productive.

The year 1962 was marked by the next stage in the development of the car. Production of the improved SK-4 model began, which featured a 25% increase in productivity.

The latest model in the line is SK-5. It began to be produced in 1973. This machine began to be widely used as a base for various highly specialized and other modifications. For example, it served as the basis for the creation of a rice harvester that operates on slopes up to 30°.

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Main modifications of the model:

SK-5A - with increased power (up to 120 hp).
SK-5AM - power increased to 140 hp. pp., the transmission box is shifted to the left.
SK-5M-1 - this version is equipped with a hydrostatic transmission.
SKP-5M-1 - with the option of equipping with a replaceable half-track to work on very wet soils.
SKK-5 is a steep-slope modification for the ability to work on slopes up to 30°.

How to choose the right device to avoid disappointment? To do this, you need to familiarize yourself with the technical characteristics of the equipment. The combine is presented in the form of a small device with an electric motor and a control panel. It can have 1 or 2 bowls, as well as a set of attachments.

Technical aspects are systematized according to the main criteria:

power, number of revolutions, productivity;
bowl volume;
ease of management and maintenance.

Servicing the Niva steering gear (Chevrolet, 2121, 21213 and 21214)

Like any other component, the steering gear should be maintained by adhering to three simple rules.

Three simple, but at the same time important rules that should always be followed:

Timely visual inspection.
Timely control of the oil level in the gearbox.
Timely adjustment.

Timely visual inspection allows you to quickly identify and identify oil leaks, mechanical defects and other damage to the gearbox housing.

Oil level monitoring – this also includes timely oil changes.

Good or bad? Everyone decides for themselves. My personal opinion is that this measure takes place in the maintenance of gearboxes whose operational life is approaching sunset. The gaps in the gears can no longer be eliminated by simple adjustment, and the only way out, in order to get rid of the knocking, is to pour liquid lithol into the gearbox housing, thereby leveling the backlash at least a little.

Well, the adjustment allows you to eliminate play in the gearbox gears in a timely manner.

Consistently following the three recommendations above, rest assured that the steering gear in the field will serve you faithfully for more than tens of thousands of kilometers.

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