Features and malfunctions of the brake system of the VAZ-2121 car
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The car is equipped with two brake systems: service and parking. If the working system is damaged, the vehicle is stopped by a serviceable part (the brake drive circuit of the front or rear wheel brakes) of the working brake system. Each braking system consists of brake mechanisms and a brake actuator.
The service brake system acts on all wheels of the car and is driven by the pedal when you press it with your foot. The service braking system includes front and rear brake mechanisms and a hydraulic dual-circuit drive: primary (front brakes) and secondary (rear brakes).
Summarizing
The need to understand the wiring diagram may arise if there are malfunctions in the operation of the system and they need to be eliminated. Of course, complex malfunctions associated with the operation of the generator unit and other devices that are not simple in terms of design will be problematic to solve in a garage without certain knowledge. However, even simple knowledge of the electrical circuit and the ability to decipher the symbols can greatly help the car enthusiast during repairs. In addition, the need to understand wiring may also arise if you decide to upgrade your speakers or install a more advanced audio system.
Niva brakes
The Niva all-wheel drive off-road vehicle is a modern, fast and comfortable car. This means that all the highest modern requirements for brakes - their efficiency and reliability, for the car’s stability when braking and its ability to maintain the direction of movement (stay in a “corridor” 3.5-3.6 m wide) fully apply to the VAZ-2121 .
On the Niva, as on other VAZ cars, a design with front disc and rear drum brakes was chosen. An all-wheel drive car has a shorter wheelbase and, naturally, a higher center of gravity than a Zhiguli. And at.
When braking, these changed parameters make themselves felt: in the VAZ -2121, the redistribution of load between the axles, unloading the rear axles and overloading the front ones occurs more sharply. And because of this, it was impossible to use the plant’s traditional separate hydraulic brake drive system on the Niva.
The rear circuit alone would not provide sufficiently effective braking; the stopping distance would be too long. Therefore, the Niva used a hydraulic drive scheme in which the front disc brakes would work in any case.
The two working brake cylinders of each front wheel are connected to one cavity of the main brake cylinder and form the primary circuit, and the third cylinders of each front wheel, together with the working cylinders of the rear drum brakes, form the secondary circuit. During tests of the Niva for compliance with OST 37.001.016-70 and the international requirements of the UNECE, a fully loaded vehicle, when any brake circuit was turned off, had a stopping distance from a speed of 80 km/h of only 53 - 60 m with a standard of 90.1 m.
Fluid for refilling the hydraulic steering system
Material grade
Manufacturer
Regulatory document
Pentiosin Werke AG, Germany
List of products containing precious metals in LADA 4x4 cars
Fuel tank (carburetor gas tank) VAZ 21213-110101030.
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Excerpt from “Warranty Conditions for Auto Parts”
1.1. The warranty period (except for electrical parts) for original spare parts is 6 (six) months or 30 (thirty) thousand km. mileage, and 3 (three) months or 5 (five) thousand km. mileage if the purchased Product belongs to the “non-original” category (whichever occurs earlier), unless otherwise determined by the Manufacturer or Seller of this spare part. You can familiarize yourself with the full terms of the warranty by following the link: Warranty terms for Auto Parts
Electrical diagram of VAZ 2121 Niva
Electrical diagram of VAZ 2121 Niva
1 — side direction indicators; 2 — front lights; 3 — headlights; 4 — electric motors for headlight cleaners; 5 — sound signals; 6 — relay for turning on headlight cleaners and washer; 7 — relay for turning on low beam headlights; 8 — relay for turning on high beam headlights ;9 - windshield washer electric motor;10 - insufficient brake fluid level sensor;11 - portable lamp socket;12 - oil pressure warning lamp sensor;13 - oil pressure indicator sensor;14 - coolant temperature indicator sensor;15 - ignition distributor ;16 - spark plugs;17 - windshield wiper motor;18 - ignition coil;19 - generator;20 - carburetor shut-off valve;21 - starter;22 - headlight washer motor;23 - voltage regulator;24 - battery charge warning lamp relay; 25 — battery; 26 — windshield wiper relay; 27 — additional fuse block; 28 — main fuse block; 29 — parking brake warning lamp switch; 30 — differential lock warning lamp switch; 31 — reverse light switch; 32 — warning lamp switch carburetor air damper; 33 — brake light switch; 34 — heater electric motor; 35 — relay-breaker for turn signals and hazard warning lights; 36 — additional resistor for the heater electric motor; 37 — instrument lighting switch; 38 — headlight switch; 39 — indicator switch turn;40 — sound signal switch;41 — windshield wiper switch;42 — windshield washer switch;43 — ignition switch;44 — exterior lighting switch;45 — heater switch;46 — headlight wiper and washer switch;47 — cigarette lighter;41 — hazard warning switch; 49 — lamp switches located in the door pillars; 50 — oil pressure indicator with an insufficient pressure warning lamp; 51 — fuel level indicator with a fuel reserve warning lamp; 52 — tachometer; 53 — parking brake warning lamp; 54 — control lamp battery charge lamp; 55 — carburetor air damper warning lamp; 56 — speedometer; 57 — exterior lighting warning lamp; 58 — turn signal warning lamp; 59 — headlight high beam warning lamp; 60 — parking brake warning lamp breaker relay; 61 — brake fluid level warning lamp; 62 — differential lock warning lamp; 63 — coolant temperature indicator; 64 — lampshades; 65 — fuel level and reserve indicator sensor; 66 — rear lights;
67 — license plate lights.
Installing new calipers
Nissan BlueBird U12 calipers are best suited here. It is worth noting that the weight of the foreign car is almost identical to the Niva, which is an additional advantage for choosing this device. Among the best brake pads, it is worth noting Lucas.
Before starting work, you need to prepare a drawing for the adapter plates. Everything is made from 16mm steel plate. We remove the drum shield, where we install the finished plate. Afterwards, all that remains is to install the axle shaft in a suitable position, and then secure the structure. Bolts from the bearing cap can be used as fasteners.
To protect the device from dirt. We make a new shield. First, we prepare a cardboard blank, after which we cut out a shield from a metal sheet 1 mm thick along its contour.
It is important to make the holes correctly, according to our template
Using four bolts, we attach the shield to the adapter plate. Then the caliper bracket is attached there. If the latter begins to interfere with the movement of the brake disc, use a small backing. Next, the pads themselves are inserted into the bracket. If you do everything correctly, you will not have any difficulties with this.
The next step is to install the brake pipes. Here you need to take rubber hoses - you won’t be able to plug metal models into the caliper.
Since as a result of installation the parking brake cable will be located at the bottom, we will end up with two free brackets. To them we attach a rubber hose that comes from the caliper, as well as a metal tube that comes from the central tee
It is important that the brake hose is small, so a model from Kopeyka will do. We select the iron tube by size
The penny bolt is too big, so you'll have to look for an adapter. Bolts must be tightened exclusively using disposable copper washers.
The brake pipe is connected to an iron hose in the place where the handbrake cable used to be
We lay the tube in any convenient way, it is only important to secure it not at one, but at several points at once. In places where the tubes come into contact with the clamps, it is necessary to use additional protection (we simply wrap the elements in rubber or wrap them with special rubber tape)
Signs of loss of tire pressure
In order for the driver to be able to correct the problem of a flat tire in a timely manner during a trip, he must understand that a loss of pressure is not always characterized by driving on the rim. Such situations occur only when hitting a large sharp obstacle, when simple pumping cannot solve the problem. Thus, you can find out about a loss of pressure by the following obvious signs:
Tire inflation
- First of all, on the road the driver feels that the car begins to deviate significantly from a straight trajectory, and this change in direction only increases with increasing speed. This symptom is mainly associated with a puncture or loss of pressure in the front wheel.
- If the problem occurs with the rear tire, the driver, as a rule, does not feel any inconvenience until he hears the beating of the rubber on the road surface. However, when the driver carefully controls and monitors any change in the behavior of his “iron horse,” then when moving in a straight direction he will feel a skew and a slight tilt in exactly the direction where the problem is identified.
- It should be noted that the higher the rubber profile, the more a flat tire is felt in the cabin. And on sports cars with a tire profile height of less than 40 mm, the problem can reach such a scale that the driver will already hear the grinding of the alloy wheel on the asphalt with a completely deflated tire.
Important! In order to avoid unexpectedly getting into an unpleasant situation on the road, a car owner should check the tire pressure at least once a week using a special portable compressor or at a tire service station. In addition, many gas stations from well-known oil companies often offer a free service for inflating wheels and checking tire pressure, the use of which should not be neglected.
Central wheel inflation system for VAZ 21214
Alternative way
The essence of this method is that the work is performed by two people at once. One sits in the driver’s seat and, on command, presses the brake pedal, while the other performs the necessary manipulations.
Here's how to properly bleed the brakes on a Niva:
- Start working with the rear right cylinder. Fill the expansion tank with liquid. Place a tube onto the fitting and lower the other end into a jar with a small amount of brake fluid.
- Give the command to your partner to press the brake pedal 5-7 times (of course, you also need to release it).
- When pressing the last time, it is necessary to fix the pedal in its extreme position near the floor.
- Unscrew the fitting a little and bleed air from the system. It will come out along with a small amount of liquid.
- Repeat the procedures described above until air stops flowing.
This method is suitable when it is not possible to use the help of a partner. To do this, you will need to create excess pressure in the system using a simple bladder or spare tire. You'll have to be Kulibin a little to make an adapter between the chamber fittings and on the expansion tank cap (you need to use a spare cap).
The essence of the procedure is the same as in the first option. You should unscrew the bleeder fittings one by one to get rid of excess air. Experts recommend carefully monitoring the fluid level in the tank and, if necessary, adding it to the required volume.
Purpose and operation of the pressure regulator
The pressure regulator (“sorcerer”) is designed to prevent the car from skidding during sudden braking. This is achieved due to the fact that the rear wheels begin to brake after the front ones. The time delay is provided by the regulator lever, which, when the car brakes sharply (the nose drops and the rear rises), pulls the piston in the regulator cylinder and closes the fluid supply channel to the working cylinders of the rear wheels.
In this case, the rear brakes do not work and the wheels spin until the rear of the car drops back. Thus, the “sorcerer” automatically regulates the fluid pressure in the rear cylinder path in inverse proportion to the load on the rear axle. In addition, it increases the braking efficiency of an empty vehicle when the load on the front axle is higher than on the rear.
If the car does not brake effectively, skids or is pulled to the side, then this is a reason to check and adjust the regulator.
This work must be carried out at every maintenance and after repair of the rear suspension.
General device
Chevrolet Niva combines two subsystems. Each brake system has its own purpose, they are called:
- Working.
- Parking lot.
The purpose of the latter is extremely clear; this braking system ensures that the Chevrolet Niva jeep is held in one position when parked on an uneven surface for a long time. The brake system, called the service brake, is regularly used when the car is moving. With its help, the driver slows down at traffic lights and stops the car where he needs it. You can control its operation using the foot pedal, which is located to the left of the gas pedal and to the right of the clutch, if, of course, there is one.
Alternative solution
At the same time, it is still possible to install normal HTDs on the Niva with your own hands. To do this, you need to select suitable calipers that have a handbrake drive. You shouldn’t look among domestic models - we don’t have a suitable analogue. The optimal solution here would be imported options, and, above all, calipers from the Nissan brand. This type of parking brake is based on the principle of a separate-functioning system. For example, on Japanese Toyota cars, the drum actually plays the role of a parking brake, while the main braking occurs with the help of discs.
Front and rear disc brake kits for UAZ “Autogur73”
The use of disc brakes in the braking system of a car, as opposed to drum brakes, is gaining popularity
And there are many reasons for this: - these are higher performance indicators during operation: a reduction in braking distance and a higher speed of operation of mechanisms, which increases the vehicle’s safety parameters significantly; — and, just as important, simple and economical content. Disc brakes "Autogur73" differ from the standard ones installed on the UAZ conveyor in that they are installed on axles designed for a drum brake system
The brake caliper, using a bracket made in the form of a faceplate, is installed in the mounting locations of the drum brake system. “Autogur73” is the only company in the country that officially supplies this product, has a patent and a certificate of conformity for this invention of disc brakes for UAZ cars. Sets of front and rear disc brakes for UAZ 2206, 3962, 3151, 3163, 2360, 2363, 3303, 3741, 3909 vehicles and their modifications are produced according to the manufacturer’s technological regulations. Buy UAZ disc brakes for Timken (civilian) front axle (set) “Autogur73”
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