Purpose of fuses, relays and their replacement Niva VAZ 21213, 21214, 2131 lada 4×4

Almost all electrical devices on these cars are designed for 12 volts. In this case, the amperage can vary from hundreds of amperes to tens of milliamps. To separate power and control currents, a switching relay is used. This prevents the wires from getting too hot or catching fire. At the same time, it reduces the overall amount of wiring in the car. Location of switches in the car:

1. On the left under the dashboard is block 1 under the first set of fuses. Here are the relays for the Niva 21214 fuel pump, ignition, main switch and both electric fans.
2. To the right of the steering column, the relay block is responsible for the fog lights, heated rear window of the trunk door and both types of light (two elements for high and low beam).
3. Above the second block are the hazard warning and turn signal relays.
4. The starter relay on Niva 21214 is designed for several hundred amperes and is installed in the engine compartment.

It is important to maintain the normal condition of electrical circuits and replace their elements with original ones. Otherwise, complete failure of the controlled unit and a complete stop of the vehicle are possible.

Engine control system fuse box

Scheme
Designation

1* - 2021-2021, 2* - 2021-2021, 3* - 2007-2008, 4* - Cars with Bosch ME17.9.7/M74 controllers, 5* - Cars with 7.9.7 controllers.

Engine Control Relay Box

It is located under the main fuse box and consists of 5 relays and 1 fuse.

Scheme

Electrical diagram of the block

Decoding

1. Ignition relay
2. Main relay
3. Right cooling fan relay
4. Left cooling fan relay
5. Fuel pump relay
6. Fuel pump fuse F5 15A

The only difference between Nivas with injection and carburetor systems is due to the fact that the engine control relay unit can be located under the hood of the car in a specially designated compartment.

Examination

Read

In order to check whether the traction relay , you must first get to the starter. It is located under the hood, in a standard place for VAZs - on the left below the battery, near the gearbox.

The starter itself and the retractor are located in one housing, which also has two terminals. When dismantling or reinstalling the device, you should be extremely careful not to short-circuit these terminals.

You need to check the voltage limit that the traction relay . The limit voltage is no more than 8V. In addition, the temperature during the actuation process should not be higher than 25°C, otherwise you will not get reliable operation and protection of the starter.

In addition, you can sometimes visually notice a breakdown. In this case, it is necessary to install a new mechanism, but first you need to disassemble it.

Where are the blocks and relays located in Niva 21214 and 21213

The main power supply in these models is located under the lower edge of the instrument panel protection. Additional fuses in Niva 21214 for the injector are located to the left. This block is responsible for controlling fuel injection. There are also relays for monitoring the operation of the wipers and a set responsible for the motion control system.

Another fuse box is installed in the body to the left of the main one. They are responsible for the cooling system and how the engine works. There is also a diagnostic connector. The relay that controls the starter is located either next to the main power supply, or under the hood next to the brake fluid reservoir.

Main fuse box

Scheme

Purpose

It’s also interesting: Fuel consumption is a pressing problem for Chevrolet Niva owners.
Fuse number 14 or number 1 at 16A is responsible for the operation of the cigarette lighter, depending on the year of manufacture.

Actual location

Almost all electrical devices on these cars are designed for 12 volts. In this case, the amperage can vary from hundreds of amperes to tens of milliamps. To separate power and control currents, a switching relay is used. This prevents the wires from getting too hot or catching fire. At the same time, it reduces the overall amount of wiring in the car. Location of switches in the car:

1. On the left under the dashboard is block 1 under the first set of fuses. Here are the relays for the Niva 21214 fuel pump, ignition, main switch and both electric fans.
2. To the right of the steering column, the relay block is responsible for the fog lights, heated rear window of the trunk door and both types of light (two elements for high and low beam).
3. Above the second block are the hazard warning and turn signal relays.
4. The starter relay on Niva 21214 is designed for several hundred amperes and is installed in the engine compartment.

It is important to maintain the normal condition of electrical circuits and replace their elements with original ones. Otherwise, complete failure of the controlled unit and a complete stop of the vehicle are possible.

1 – engine control system fuse block; 2 – windshield wiper relay; 3 – fuse blocks; 4 – engine control system relay block.

The fourth relay block is located above the gas pedal.

1 — engine control system fuse box; 2 — windshield wiper relay; 3 — fuse blocks; 4 — relay block of the engine control system.

The fuses in VAZ cars, as well as in the Niva, are located directly inside the car; they are covered by a shield, usually on the dashboard.

This allows, if necessary, to disassemble and carry out repairs using available tools. This approach is especially helpful in cold weather - there is no need to carry out repairs outside, and the cost of self-replacement will be much lower than in a service center.

The above circuit includes components such as relays and fuses. The mounting block includes the following elements presented in the table.

If any equipment on a car fails, the first thing you need to do is check whether the fuse is intact. This is not difficult to do and even a novice motorist can do it, and there is no point in going to a service station for this. A simple replacement can cost you a pretty penny. To do this, just find the VAZ 2121 Niva fuse box, which the designers placed in a very accessible place.

Electrical fuses on cars are changed if they blow out, without fail observing their rating. But other situations also happen on a VAZ 2121 Niva. For example, many motorists complain that sometimes electrical fuses simply fall out of the block. That is why it is recommended to replace the old unit with a new one, in which the safety elements hold up much better.

Location

The fuses in the VAZ 2121 Niva are located inside the vehicle and are covered with a special casing. This is a convenient enough place to replace a burnt-out one at any time and at the same time you can get by with the most ordinary tools. This is especially important in winter or when it rains; there is no need to go outside if a breakdown occurs on the way.

Table with decoding of the scheme

In order to replace a blown electrical fuse, special knowledge and skills are not required. Everything is very simple.

Additional relay block

This block is located above the gas pedal.

Scheme

Description

1. Rear fog lamp relay
2. Rear window heating relay
3. Low beam relay
4. High beam relay

A little higher, above the block, a relay can be installed - a breaker for the turn signals and hazard warning lights.

Separate fuses and relays can be installed under the hood: on cars with ABS, on the left side of the engine compartment near the ABS hydraulic unit, a block with fuses is additionally installed that protect the elements of the anti-lock brake system and the starter relay not far from the starter itself.

Tips for motorists

It doesn't take long - 5 minutes. There are perverts who pulled me out through the top. And the fact that they are sheep is how they really admit it.

My advice as an experienced one in removing starters. Do not touch the heat shield. Unscrew the boot, remove the protection, unscrew the spacer rod and the three starter mounting bolts, the positive terminal from the starter and the control terminal.

No miracles or dancing with a tambourine! It consists of a gear with teeth that engages the flywheel ring when the relay begins to operate. As a result, the engine crankshaft rotates and the car starts.

During operation, the relay connects the flywheel and bendix gears. The starter will run empty if the relay does not advance the gear. When the engine is started, during the ignition operation, power is supplied to all the windings that are located in the starter.

These windings come in two types: Therefore, it is better to replace the relay completely. To understand when replacement is required, you need to pay attention to some characteristic signs when starting the car.

Chevrolet Niva does not start when hot

When the engine starts, the relay does not return the bendix back, which causes the starter to rotate. At the same time, a strong buzzing sound appears under the hood.

The starter works, but the engine does not start. When you turn the key, you can hear the starter clicking, but it does not rotate. To ensure that replacement is necessary, check the starter solenoid relay.

To do this, just use a screwdriver to close its contacts located on the back of the device. It is not recommended to use thin wire, since a welding effect may occur and the wire will be soldered to the contacts.

DIY power supply replacement

Below we will look at the process of replacing the power supply with your own hands. To replace, you will need a new power supply and a socket head set to “8”.

1. First, open the hood and disconnect the battery.
2. Now, under the instrument panel, find your power supplies. Using an “8” socket wrench, unscrew the two main nuts.
3. Having done this, pry up the power supply and remove them from the studs.
4. If you are replacing an old component with a new one, you must mark all the wires before doing so. Or take a new power supply unit and insert the wires from the old unit into it one by one. To remove the idle wires, pull them by their plugs.
5. To check the functionality of the new power supply, reconnect the battery.

Removal

Dismantling and disassembly is carried out as follows:

• Disconnect the negative voltage from the battery;
• Remove the air filter;
• Disconnect the block of wires going to the traction relay ;
• Unscrew the nut securing the tip of the power drive (wrench 13);
• Unscrew the nuts securing the starter (key 15). The top nut twists easily, but the bottom one still needs to be approached;
• Remove the starter ;
• Unscrew the nut from the lower terminal of the traction relay and disconnect the wires;
• Unscrew its mounting bolts (key 8) and remove.

Replacing fuse Lada 2131 (VAZ 2131)

Every car has a fuse box that is responsible for the operation of certain components of the vehicle. If certain fuses fail, the operation of some elements becomes impossible, but if the unit itself breaks down, the vehicle simply will not be able to continue moving.

The fuse block (hereinafter referred to as the fuse block), unlike traditional models of the domestic automobile industry, is located in the vehicle interior. In particular, it is located on the driver's side under the steering wheel.

If any electrical circuit element in a car stops working (lamps, interior lights, heater, power windows), then car owners first check the power supply elements.

As a rule, the problem is resolved by replacing the fuse.

What does the power supply circuit itself look like? This question may be of interest to Niva owners. Below we will look at the electrical circuit of the unit with a description of all the components responsible for the operation of certain devices in the car.

In accordance with the diagram, we will consider the meaning of the BP elements. This electrical circuit is universal for all Niva cars.

It should also be noted that in VAZ 21214 injector cars there is another power supply unit with injection system components. It is located separately from the main power supply on the left side under the steering wheel.

In the case of the first described power supply unit, if the elements of the device begin to fail, this will in no way threaten the performance of the car, of course, with the exception of breakdowns of some components. However, in the case of the second power supply, if at least one component shorts out and does not work, the VAZ 21214 injector engine will not start.

Characteristics of faults

There are several indicators according to which one can judge whether the fuel pump on a VAZ 2114 or its components are damaged. But at the same time, be sure to check whether there really is a problem with the fuel pump, because you can spend money on purchasing another one, but in reality it turns out that the problem is not in it:

1. The motor does not start, this may indicate a malfunction in the pump. First you should check the functionality of the spark plugs to see if there is a spark. The electronic control system is also subject to verification.
2. It is worth checking the pressure level inside the fuel system. When the fuel pump operates without interruption, a pressure of 3.2 bar is created. Based on the type of engine, the features of the fuel pump may vary:

• If the engine volume is one and a half liters, then the most acceptable value is 285-325 kPa.
• If the engine size is 2 liters, then the optimal indicators are from 375-390 kPa.

1. There is no signal that does not reach the pump. This occurs when trying to start the engine. When the system operates correctly, starting the motor causes a slight vibration of the pump. If there is no vibration, then it makes sense to check the contacts.
2. Trouble in the power plant is another not obvious sign of a problem with the fuel pump. But it’s better to check, as there is a possibility that the fuel pump is to blame.
3. The motor jerks. This is also observed at low speeds and at the start. In this case, the problem may be a problem with the pump itself or with the mesh that requires replacement.

Most car owners purchase a complete fuel system, including a filter, sensor, float, intake chamber and pump. This acquisition costs around 3 thousand rubles. It is more profitable to buy one pump, the price of which is less than 1 thousand rubles. It happens that if the pump breaks down, the remaining components of the fuel system remain in good working order and are ready for subsequent use.

Mounting blocks for lada 4×4 2021

The main and additional units are located in the cabin to the left of the steering wheel, under the instrument panel. The blocks contain fuses of the “Cylinder” size, ten and six fuses, respectively. The ratings and purpose of the fuses are indicated in Table 4 “Circuits protected by fuses”:

Fuse block of standard size “Standard”. The block is located on the left side under the upholstery and contains fuses that are designed to protect engine control system devices. The ratings and purpose of the fuses are shown in Table 5:

The fuse and relay box is located on the left side of the steering column under the instrument panel. The block contains two “Standard” size fuses, which are designed to protect the circuits of the electric fuel pump, electric windows and electric mirrors. The ratings and purpose of the fuses are shown in Table 6:

The fuse and relay box is located on the right side of the steering column under the instrument panel. The block contains one “Maxi” size fuse and two “Standard” size fuses, which are designed to protect the circuits of the hydraulic unit of the anti-lock braking system. The ratings and purpose of the fuses are shown in Table 7:

Purpose of fuses, relays and their replacement Niva VAZ 21213, 21214, 2131 lada 4×4

Note. Keep in mind that the location and purpose of fuses has changed and continues to change, depending on the year of manufacture and modification of the car. This page presents several options, be careful!

If the fuse fails again, contact your LADA dealer to find out and eliminate the reasons that caused it to melt.

It is unacceptable to install a homemade jumper or a fuse of a different rating to replace the blown one.

Content:

Fuse locations in the interior and under the hood (from 2020) Main fuse locations (until 2022) Additional relay boxes Additional fuses and relays for vehicles with ECM Additional fuses for vehicles with ABS Additional fuses for Urban equipment Replacement of fuses

Also interesting: Why is low tire pressure dangerous?

Fuse and relay locations (from 2022)

Fuses and relays are located in two blocks: in the passenger compartment (Fig. 48) and in the engine compartment (Fig. 49).

When replacing fuses and relays, use only new fuses and relays that are marked in accordance with tables 1 and 2. To avoid melting of the insulation of the wires and the housing of the mounting block when operating the vehicle, you should use only types of fuses and relays approved for use by AVTOVAZ JSC, according to Tables 1 and 2.

Fuse and relay box in the passenger compartment

Rice. 50. Diagram of the mounting block in the cabin with numbering of fuses and relays

Table 1

Fuse and relay box in the engine compartment

Rice. 51. Diagram of the mounting block in the engine compartment with numbering of fuses and relays

table 2

Fuse protected circuits (until 2022)

Fuses do not protect the electrical circuits of ignition, engine start, generator (except for the field winding), low beam headlight relay, high beam headlight relay.

Please note that the rating and purpose of fuses may vary depending on the year of manufacture of the vehicle. Therefore, explanatory tables 3 and 4 are presented in two versions.

Most fuses are located in blocks located in the passenger compartment under the instrument panel, to the left of the steering column. The fuses are installed in two blocks side by side, they are connected to each other (Fig. 44) and are held in them by spring contacts. There are ten fuses in the upper block and six fuses in the lower block. The circuits they protect are listed in Table 3.

Rice. 44. Fuses (appointment is indicated in table 3)

Additional fuse and relay blocks

Relay block under the instrument panel, above the gas pedal: 1 - rear fog light relay; 2 — relay for turning on the heated glass of the luggage compartment door; 3 — low beam headlight relay; 4 - high beam headlight relay

Additional blocks for vehicles with ECM

On vehicles with an ECM, a block (Fig. 45) with four fuses is additionally installed on the left side of the front end under the instrument panel, which protect the elements of the injection systems. (to the right of them is the diagnostic connector) A faulty fuse is determined by the failed circuits that it protects, in accordance with Table 4.

TABLE 4 (for Fig. 45)

To connect and protect the ECM circuits, a “safety line” type wire is used, which is part of the ignition system wiring harness and is connected directly to the battery. The circuits protected by this wire are listed in Table 5.

Table 5

On vehicles with ABS, a fuse block is additionally installed on the left side of the engine compartment near the ABS hydraulic unit, which protects the elements of the anti-lock brake system. Fuse ratings are shown in Table 6.

Also interesting: Autocode - checking a car by VIN code

Table 6

In the LADA 4×4 Urban configuration, the electrical equipment has additional circuits protected by fuses, the list of which is indicated in Table 7. And the list of main fuses is the same as for the regular LADA 4×4 configuration.

Table 7 (additional fuse circuits in the Urban package)

* For LADA 4×4 Urban cars. ** For LADA 4×4 vehicles with air conditioning.

Disconnect the negative cable from the battery. By pulling the latch located on top of the main fuse box cover...

Similarly, remove the cover of the additional fuse box.

Video

What kind of starter can be installed

• Motorherz STB0373RB. This company is a large supplier of auto parts that has its own production. It sells hydraulic power steering pumps, turbochargers, starters, generators, steering racks, repair kits, etc. The cost of a starter unit for a VAZ 2131 is 3,940 rubles.
• ATE is a plant located in the Moscow region, engaged in the creation of electrical equipment for domestic cars. The ATE-1 starter unit is an inexpensive product that fully justifies its cost. The price of a starter for a VAZ 2131 car is 3250 rubles.
• The production of a starter for this vehicle is also carried out by the Stary Oskol Automotive Equipment Plant. The history of the enterprise goes back more than 55 years. The cost of a starter unit for a VAZ 2131 is 3,400 rubles.

In some cases, the car will not start because there is a malfunction in the power plant. The main reasons may be: thick oil that does not match the season, as well as jamming of the power unit shafts. In most cases, the starter relay fails.

The solenoid relay is replaced if:

• There is a break in the relay winding. It is worth considering that the solenoid relay is equipped with two windings: a starting winding (from the control contact to the output power terminal) and a holding winding (from the control contact to the relay body). It is also possible that an interturn short circuit may occur in the windings. The main symptom of this malfunction is the appearance of a strong smell of burnt insulation. The windings are checked on the table by applying voltage from the battery: the “negative” contact is connected to the housing and the output power terminal, and the “positive” contact to the control contact.
• If the voltage drop across the solenoid relay is more than 0.3-0.5 volts. This phenomenon indicates that the power contacts have burnt out.
• If an external inspection indicates the presence of burnt areas on the plastic cover, near the power contacts.

Diagram for switching on the dimensions of the Niva 21213 car |

Scheme for switching on the external lighting (dimensions) of the Niva 21213 car

Elements of the diagram for switching on the dimensions of the Niva 21213 car

1. Side lamps in the front lights of the car. 2.Fuse block. 3.Outdoor lighting switch. 4. Instrument lighting switch. 5. Indicator lamp for turning on the dimensions in the instrument cluster. 6.License plate lights. 7. Side light lamps in the rear lights.

A - to the lighting lamps of the instrument cluster, switches and backlight display.

Notes and additions

More diagrams of the Niva 21213 car

— Connection diagram for low and high beam headlights Niva 21213

— Wires for the rear lights of the Niva 21213 car, diagram

— Connection diagram for generator 9412.3701 for Niva 21214

— Body clearances of the Niva 21213 car, diagram

— Connection diagram for direction indicators Niva 21213

Recommendations

I replaced the ignition switch contact group, now everything works as before！Thanks for the advice！

And also interesting: Do-it-yourself modifications to the Niva 2121 “

The dimensions from the factory work without ignition. I often forget to turn it off, I lock the car, and the lights are on and the lights are on. Of course there is no stove.

And in principle, you shouldn’t turn on the heater fan until you start the engine!

And my dash doesn't light up and the heater fan doesn't work when the ignition is off. How it should be!

The tidy should light up when the lights are turned on.

It doesn't light up for me. Only when the ignition is turned on.FLASH-X3!

Either there is a problem in the lock, or in the button for turning on the dimensions (headlights), there is simply nothing to break.

The heater fan will never run without ignition. Not provided.

The backlight has a power supply system independent of the ignition.

The key in the ignition switch must be turned to marks III and I. If the key is at mark 0, nothing will work. Even the light.

If the key is in the required (III and I) position and nothing works... there may be either problems with the lock or contact group, or the wires are mixed up when connecting, if the lock was turned off.

thanks, do you think it’s the ignition switch? I’m just leaning towards that too...

The heater fan will never run without ignition. Not provided.

The backlight has a power supply system independent of the ignition.

The key in the ignition switch must be turned to marks III and I. If the key is at mark 0, nothing will work. Even the light.

If the key is in the required (III and I) position and nothing works... there may be either problems with the lock or contact group, or the wires are mixed up when connecting, if the lock was turned off.

I have a 21st Niva

It doesn't matter what kind of field. The electrics on all classic vases are similar and unchanged. And the stove motor does not turn on without the ignition.

I understood why I thought it was turned on.

The heater fan will never run without ignition. Not provided.

The backlight has a power supply system independent of the ignition.

The key in the ignition switch must be turned to marks III and I. If the key is at mark 0, nothing will work. Even the light.

If the key is in the required (III and I) position and nothing works... there may be either problems with the lock or contact group, or the wires are mixed up when connecting, if the lock was turned off.

Without a key, I only have stoplights that light up when I press the brake pedal)

My car works halfway without a key.

The heater fan will never run without ignition. Not provided.

The backlight has a power supply system independent of the ignition.

The key in the ignition switch must be turned to marks III and I. If the key is at mark 0, nothing will work. Even the light.

If the key is in the required (III and I) position and nothing works... there may be either problems with the lock or contact group, or the wires are mixed up when connecting, if the lock was turned off.

The problem was solved by replacing the ignition switch contact group！thanks for the advice)

Read news about the new Niva

• Diagram and location of the fuse box Niva VAZ-21213 and 21214
• The modernized Lada Niva Legend (4x4) 2021 was shown on the Internet
• Lada 4×4 Bronto - sales stopped, new details » Lada.Online - all the most interesting and useful about LADA cars
• Description of the instrument panel Lada 4×4 (VAZ 2121, 2131) » Lada.Online - all the most interesting and useful about LADA cars
• LADA Niva – Operating manual – Official LADA website
• Chevrolet Niva gasoline consumption per 100 km
• Buy LADA (VAZ) 2131 (4×4) 2022 in Rostov-on-Don, low price for Lada 2131 (4×4) 2022 on the Avto.ru website
• Diagram and location of the fuse box Niva VAZ-21213 and 21214