Starter for VAZ 2114: finding, removing and troubleshooting

It's no secret that the starter for the VAZ 2114 is one of the most important parts, because it is it that allows you to start the car from the passenger compartment by turning the key. Without it, it is simply impossible to start the engine (except “from the pusher”). In today's article we will talk about the design of the starter, the principle of its operation, as well as how to replace it with your own hands.

Starter VAZ 2114

The principle of the device and its operation

Structurally, the starter 2114 is an electric motor powered by 12 volt direct current (on-board power supply). When the key is turned, its rotor begins to move, after which, with the help of a retractor relay, which brings the Bendix starter into engagement with the crankshaft flywheel, the latter begins to unwind.

After the combustion of the working mixture is initiated during rotation of the crankshaft and the engine starts, the retractor relay will move the bendix to the rear position and the starter will disengage with the flywheel.

Due to the fact that the starter has a fairly high load, its rated power is 1.55 kW.

In this case, the current strength in its circuit can reach:

• 80 A at idle;
• 375 A at maximum load;
• 700 A when in a braked state.

Starter design
As for the internal structure, the starter includes such components as:

• stator (fixed winding);
• rotor;
• bendix;
• brushes and their holders;
• solenoid relay;
• frame.

Also, sliding bushings, of which there are 3, are used as supporting elements for the rotor shaft in the starter. Two of them - front and rear - are pressed inside the body of the device, and the third is located at the point of contact between the bendix and the rotor.

What usually goes wrong?

On a VAZ 2114 car, you can repair the starter with your own hands in an hour, no more. Provided that all components are replaced with new ones. Most often, starter brushes fail; they rub against the lamellas and wear out. As a result, the rotor does not move when voltage is applied to it. Sometimes even when you turn the ignition key, sparks appear. On new injection cars, which include the VAZ 2114, a gear starter is installed. Its advantage is that its rotor rotates at a higher speed, which makes starting the engine easier.

Main malfunctions and their symptoms

The most common breakdowns that occur in the starter are as follows:

• The electric motor of the device does not rotate. A short circuit has occurred on the stator windings, the rotor has become soured in the support bushings, or the contacts have oxidized;
• The electric motor spins, but at insufficient speed and low power. Either the graphite brushes are worn out or a short circuit has occurred on one of the windings;
• The starter works as it should, but rotation is not transmitted to the crankshaft. Bendix wear or breakdown;
• The starter starts the engine, but does not turn itself off. The retractor relay mechanism has oxidized or the return spring has burst.

Disassembled starter
If you notice one of the above signs on the starter, you should dismantle it and carry out detailed diagnostics in the removed state.

Determining the cause of the malfunction

Do not rush to completely disassemble the VAZ 2109 starter; as always, it is first important to correctly identify the fault. Therefore, you should start by checking:

We disconnect the wiring from the terminal and connect it to the “plus” directly. If the engine is running, this means that the power relay is faulty. If the motor is silent, then the likely reason is wear of the brushes. A simple method will help you identify misalignment or wear of the brushes. Remove the unit from the machine, and we check it, start it, removed from the car. When we check the starter separately from the car, you should pay attention to the functioning of its engine. It often happens that the engine works perfectly in only one position. You just need to turn it to one side, and the contact will immediately disappear. Such a strange phenomenon is easy understandable: When the brushes of the starter have a normal length, they are pressed tightly, by means of the springs of the brush holder. When the brushes wear out heavily, the force of the springs may not be enough, then the brush is pressed only by its own weight. Therefore, when the position of the unit changes, the contact disappears. A similar phenomenon is observed when the brushes “hang”, having a normal length, or when the brushes are skewed

Removing the starter

A complete replacement of the VAZ 2114 starter is performed in the following order:

1. Remove the terminals from the battery.
2. Unscrew the 3 mounting bolts securing the device body to the box (if they are heavily oxidized and do not give in, you should first fill them with kerosene or “Vedeshka”).
3. Disconnect the negative terminal from the solenoid relay (the red wire that goes to the device ends with it).
4. Remove the positive terminal from the solenoid relay, having first unscrewed its fastening nut using a 13mm wrench.
5. Slide the starter to the right and remove it from the mounting studs.
6. Install the new device and fix it in the same order, but in reverse order.

Before installing a new starter, it is recommended to treat all 3 mounting studs with graphite grease - it will protect them from corrosion and will help dismantle the device during the next repair without any problems.

Removing the starter
It should be remembered that a new starter installed to replace a worn one must be exactly the same type, namely 5712.3708. Most often, owners of the 14th model recommend purchasing devices from manufacturers such as PRAMO, Eldix and KATEK.

VAZ 2114 starter – connection diagram, device, technical characteristics

The starter installed on the VAZ model we are interested in is type 5712.3708.

It is a DC motor with a traction two-winding electromagnetic relay and a planetary gearbox.

The device is excited by permanent magnets. Its rated power is 1.55 kW and the current is:

• up to 700 A in the inhibited state;
• up to 375 A at maximum power;
• up to 80 A at idle.

The starter devices and its operation diagram are as follows:

• four permanent magnets are placed in the stator (in its housing);
• liners made of metal-ceramic material are mounted in the support and cover, in which the rotation of the armature shaft is carried out;
• the planetary gearbox imparts movement to the drive shaft from the armature shaft;
• the front end of the drive shaft rotates in a cermet bushing, which is built into the clutch housing;
• The movement of planetary gears occurs on needle-type bearings;
• when the device we are considering is turned on, the voltage from the battery is supplied through the ignition switch to the windings (there are two of them) of the traction relay, and after its contacts close, the retractor winding is switched off.

Starter repair

It should be noted that complete replacement of the device is an extreme measure, necessary only in case of very serious damage (for example, short circuit of the stator windings or mechanical failure of the housing). In all other cases, the most correct solution would be to repair the VAZ 2114 starter, which is also performed after removing the device.

In order to do this, you will need to unscrew the tightening screws of the device and halve the starter.

Starter repair

If you cannot divide the starter housing into two parts even with the screws removed, you should use a rubber or copper hammer and carefully apply several blows to the joint.

After the starter is halved, you should carefully examine the condition of its parts, namely the stator windings, rotor, graphite brushes and bendix.

Worn brushes should simply be replaced with ones of similar size, but to dismantle the bendix, you will need to perform a number of additional operations:

• use a slotted screwdriver to bend the flat fork at the point of its connection with the Bendix body;
• remove the protective ring;
• Using a flat screwdriver, remove the retaining ring;
• pull the bendix out of its body.

Installing a new bendix is ​​done in the reverse order.

Installing a VAZ 2114 starter

At the end of the conversation, it is worth noting that you should not wait for serious starter malfunctions. Even minor problems with this device can be detected by a number of indirect signs - louder than usual clicks of the solenoid relay, the engine taking too long to start, loud sound during operation, and many others. Having noticed them, you should immediately dismantle the starter, disassemble it and diagnose the condition of its parts.

VAZ 2114 starter circuit

A starter in a car is usually called a device that starts the rotation of the shaft that moves the cylinders in the internal combustion engine. Essentially, it is an electric motor that converts electrical work into mechanical work.

The starter housing consists of a mask and a glass. Under the mask there is a retaining ring and a gear. Inside the glass there is an armature and 4 magnetic shoes, or cores, between which a magnetic field is formed. These magnetic cores form the stator of the motor. The armature is a shaft with a core made of electrical steel.

Frames are inserted into the grooves of the core, which will rotate under the influence of the electromagnetic field generated by the shoes. The frames are connected at their ends to the commutator, to which 4 carbon brushes are connected:

• two positive - from the battery;
• two negative ones, connected to ground and closing the circuit;

The brush assembly is built into the rear closing cover of the housing. The springs that press the starter brushes to the armature commutator assembly are soldered to the brush holders.

The rear cover of the starter houses an armature bearing, which acts as a support sleeve.

Tips that may be useful when replacing a starter

1. Before removing the starter, you need to make sure it is faulty. First of all, you need to check the reliability of the terminals on the battery. Oxidized terminals should be cleaned of deposits and re-secured. The reason for the failure may also be poor weight of the engine and the body. You should also check whether the solenoid relay wire has come loose from the connector and whether the positive terminal nut on the starter is tightly tightened;
2. When removing a part, you can disconnect the positive wire of the terminal last. In this version, it is more convenient to unscrew the nut of the positive wire. By pulling the starter closer to you, it will be easier to get to the desired nut;
3. You need to install the solenoid relay wire in place until it stops. The connector must be fixed, and in this case the wire will not fly off during movement due to shaking;
4. Do not forget to first remove the terminals from the battery and turn off the ignition - this will save you from additional problems.

That’s basically all that can be said about how to change the starter on a VAZ 2114.

Source

Replacing the solenoid relay

It is not always necessary to replace the starter; sometimes simply servicing it is enough.

You can replace the solenoid relay without removing it, but then you will have to work a little, as this is quite inconvenient.

You can learn how to replace the relay correctly from the video:

Following the instructions from the article, replacing the starter on a VAZ 2114 with an 8-valve engine will not be so difficult. The starter is one of the most complex mechanisms in a car because it consists of many parts that wear out and fail over time. Although the system is only concerned with starting the car, there are many processes going on inside the case that must work in time and pass enough current to start the engine. It is impossible to monitor the condition of the internal parts, the only thing is that if you notice that the starter turns weakly and sometimes does not work, it is better to immediately remove it and take it for repairs or fix it yourself. This will save money on the subsequent purchase of a completely new element.

Required Tools

In order to carry out repairs yourself and replace a faulty starter, you need the tools that are listed in the table below. Table - Tools required to replace the front strut

Where is the starter relay located on the VAZ 2114?

Two relays are connected to the starter:

• The retractor relay is located above the starter, acting as its mechanism. Its position is shown in the first figure with a general view of the unit and in the diagram of the mechanism itself.
• The next relay is a unit located to the side and is connected by a contact electrical wire to the solenoid relay. This electrical device often breaks down and needs to be replaced, so the car owner needs to know its location in a complex system of components and parts.