Replacing and checking the crankshaft position sensor on LADA

About the sensor

How the sensor works
The sensor takes readings from the rotation of the crankshaft and understands the current position of the engine pistons. The DPKV transmits the received readings to the electronic control unit, which sends signals to the injectors and spark plugs to supply fuel and sparks to the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

The operating principle of the sensor is based on the Hall effect, that is, its design contains a magnet that is in magnetic contact with the crankshaft pulley, which has special risks.

This is the only sensor without which the car engine cannot even start, since it is this sensor that helps the computer determine which cylinder needs to supply fuel and a spark.

The picture below shows a cross-section of a DPKV with a pulley.

Signs of failure

Now let's look at the signs of a faulty crankshaft sensor. In fact, there are not very many of them. These are detonation sounds and detonation under load, when driving uphill at low speeds. You can also feel that the engine is not running as smoothly as before - it lacks stability. At idle, you can notice that they drop quite sharply, and then the number of revolutions grows at tremendous speed. Often the car stalls at idle, both while driving and while standing at a traffic light.

It is often possible to observe a situation where the dynamics of the car have significantly decreased. There are problems starting the engine. One of the most tangible and noticeable signs of a faulty crankshaft sensor is the inability to start the engine at all. This often happens on modern cars. The electronic unit already contains information, thanks to which the engine does not start if the signals from the actuator are unreliable. Another characteristic sign of DPKV failure is the absence of a spark, but not constantly, but periodically.

Where is?

The Kalina crankshaft sensor is located at the rear of the engine coaxially with the crankshaft pulley near the oil filter. On the cylinder block there is a special mounting bracket for the DPKV, the sensor is inserted into the holes of the bracket and secured with an M6 bolt.

The sensor is powered by a shielded wire to protect against false alarms, since the pulses transmitted from the sensor must be accurate and without errors.

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Causes of failure

There are several reasons why a sensor can fail. Below is a list of reasons contributing to sensor failure:

• Aging;
• The magnet on the sensor is clogged;
• Mechanical shock to the sensor;
• Open circuit;

Let's look at each of the reasons in more detail.

Aging

This reason is caused by natural factors of aging of the sensor parts, that is, the scattering of plastic, exposure of the electrical connector into which moisture can enter and cause a short circuit.

Magnet clogged

The magnet is the main element of the sensor that takes readings. When it is clogged, various metal shavings often stick to the sensor head, making it difficult for the sensor to operate. In case of such a breakdown, it is necessary to clean the sensor head from chips.

Mechanical shocks

Impacts to the sensor are possible when driving on a gravel road, when stones from under the wheels fly everywhere. Such impacts can damage the plastic housing of the sensor or break the power supply wiring.

Open circuit power supply

This problem occurs quite often and is explained by aging there and improper laying of the wire during various repairs, such as replacing the timing belt, etc. Very often the wire is laid next to the exhaust manifold, which, with its high temperature, negatively affects the insulation of the wire, destroying it and damaging that very screen.

Purpose, location, principle of operation

If you need to find where the crankshaft sensor is located on a Lada Kalina for 8 cylinders, pay attention to the left side of the cylinder head. The controller is located there. The main function of the part is to control the location of the crankshaft relative to the angular part of the gas distribution mechanism.

The functions of the electromagnetic sensor include synchronizing the operation of the injectors and ignition in the automotive system responsible for fuel injection.

When the necessary information is received and analyzed by the control mechanism, the mixture is injected and the ignition is adjusted. The spark hits the spark plug at the moment when the exhaust gases are compressed and started. As you can see, the operation of the entire system depends on the correct performance of its functions by the crankshaft sensor. This is the main link, and without its correct operation the entire injection system cannot function.

Despite the difference between the 8-valve Lada Kalina engine and a similar 16-valve engine, a controller for an 8-valve is often installed on the latter; it is capable of ensuring proper operation of this engine as well. The exception is the sensor, which does not have a slot for the signal disk - it cannot be installed on an engine with sixteen valves.

Examination

Checking the DPKV is carried out in two ways: visually and using a diagnostic tool.

Visual inspection

When checking, you must pay special attention to the condition of the sensor; it must be in good condition and free from the following defects:

• There should be no cracks or chips;
• The sensor head must be free of dirt and chips;
• The connector must be clearly fixed and not loose;
• The wire must be without damage to the insulation and screen;
• The wires near the connector should not be exposed;

Also, during a visual inspection, it is necessary to check the pulley itself. Its teeth should stand out clearly and not be clogged with dirt. Particular attention should be paid to its damper, quite often the pulley crown rotates on the damper and the sensor reads incorrect readings from the sensor due to the displacement of the pulley crown.

Testing with the device

This check can be carried out at a service station or using a Chinese ELM327 scanner.

Features during diagnosis

When the first suspicions arise, it is recommended to proceed with a thorough examination. If you cannot do this, it is recommended that you turn to professionals.

The first thing to do is to find out the primary cause of the breakdown. There may be several of them:

• there is a short circuit in the circuit;
• the temperature of the power unit rises;
• the toothed disc is broken or damaged;
• the mounting lugs are damaged;
• phase sensor Kalina 8 cells or 16 cells offset.

If the “Check” lights up, which gives one of two errors - 0340, 0343, then the fault definitely lies with the phase device. Perhaps the reason is in the connections.

Replacing the sensor

For convenience, it is advisable to remove the front right wheel and engine mudguard. Before replacing, it is necessary to prepare the tool. We will need:

• 10mm wrench;
• Powerful flat screwdriver;

Replacement process

• Disconnect the negative terminal from the battery;

• Remove the connector from the sensor;

• Unscrew the bolt fixing the sensor;

• We take out the DPKV using a screwdriver;

• We assemble the new sensor in the reverse order.

We hope our article was useful to you.

Checking the DPKV with an oscilloscope

This method is not available in a garage, but with it you can not only determine the values, but also see how the signals are generated. This will give complete information about the state of the element and how it works. It is better to carry out such diagnostics when the engine is running. But you can also check the dismantled sensor.

So, how to check an element for serviceability? We will need a digital oscilloscope and software to operate it. The removed sensor is checked as follows. If there are signs of a malfunction of the VAZ-2110 crankshaft sensor, then the probes of the device are connected to the coil terminals on it. Then the software is launched. After this, any mechanical object must be waved in front of the sensor.