Since today the fuel is not of the highest quality, many owners need to replace or clean their injectors. Injectors fail due to dirt in the fuel and various impurities. You can understand that they are working poorly by the behavior of the engine (loss of power, increased fuel consumption, car troubles, etc.).
Features of fuel injection systems
The advantages of fuel injection systems (FIS) include:
- constant pressure level in the fuel system;
- high-quality atomization of the fuel mixture;
- rapid injection of a combustible mixture;
- reduction of noise when the motor is running;
- complete independence of the complex from engine operating modes;
- possibility of implementing several injections simultaneously;
- reduction of exhaust gas toxicity;
- reduction of emissions of solid pollutants into the environment;
- reduction in fuel consumption;
- noticeable increase in productivity.
Design and principle of operation of fuel injection systems
The main element of the fuel system is the pump, which creates and maintains the required fuel pressure. There are various designs of pumps, but the principle of their operation is the same.
The main element of the fuel system is the fuel pump
The vehicle itself consists of the following components:
- fuel lines;
- fuel tank;
- fuel filters;
- fuel pump (FP);
- fuel rail (TR);
- nozzles (injectors) for each engine cylinder;
- fuel pressure sensor located on the ramp;
- a control unit that regulates the pressure and volume of fuel for maximum efficient operation.
The fuel system of VAZ 2114/15 cars is designed quite simply
Correct operation of the fuel complex allows:
- reduce the temperature of the coolant in the system;
- reduce the load on the fuel pump;
- significantly reduce emissions.
Pressure limiter device
The fuel pressure in the system can be adjusted in two ways - mechanical and electronic.
The mechanical limiter consists of a special plunger with a spring installed in the fuel line. If there is excess pressure, excess fuel is discharged back into the tank through the valve.
The electronic limiter is a more modern device. Electronics allows you to bring fuel pressure to operating values much faster. This significantly increases the efficiency of the vehicle.
Injection nozzles
A modern injection engine uses electromagnetic or electronically controlled injectors. They work like this:
- From the fuel rail, fuel is supplied under pressure to the injector.
- The fuel enters the cavity, which acts as a spray nozzle.
- At the command of the electronic control unit (ECU), the valve in the injector opens.
- Fuel enters the injector nozzle.
- Fuel is atomized and dosed into the engine cylinder.
This process is measured in milliseconds. Since the operation of the fuel system is regulated by the computer, when repairing and replacing injectors, you should carefully follow the algorithm regulated by the car manufacturer.
When replacing, original injectors or analogues specified in the vehicle’s operating instructions must be used. Otherwise, substandard injectors can lead to failure of other engine components.
Symptoms for replacement
Removed injectors
In fact, there are quite a lot of reasons why injectors may not work well. And below are the most common symptoms:
- Difficulty starting the engine in any weather;
- The engine is running erratically;
- The engine stalls at idle;
- High crankshaft rotation speed at idle speed;
- Loss of power, poor response to the accelerator pedal;
- When you press the gas, shocks or dips may appear;
- High gas consumption;
If the nozzle is dirty or damaged, it should be replaced or cleaned. There is no point in repairing it. It should also be noted that today injectors cannot last even 100 thousand km .
We clean the injectors with our own hands using carburetor cleaning fluid
Checking old injectors
Before replacing injectors, it is recommended to check them. This will allow you to determine whether it is working or not.
The test is carried out on a removed fuel rail, on a special stand.
Such a check can be done in almost any service.
Checking injectors on a bench
You can also check not all injectors at once, but each one separately. To do this, you will need to apply current to the part and install a container with fuel on it. When current is applied, the valve will operate and gasoline will spray out through the nozzle. But such a check is inaccurate and will still need to be checked at a stand.
Which indicates possible problems with the injector
Let us immediately note that there can be many reasons for unstable engine operation, ranging from a clogged fuel filter, a broken fuel pump, a failed spark plug or a faulty coil, to loss of compression, problems with the timing belt, etc. Along with this, one of the main signs of injector malfunction is difficulty starting the engine, especially when cold, as well as gasoline or diesel consumption (depending on the engine type), which increases noticeably. It is also necessary to note the unstable operation of the internal combustion engine in idle mode, similar to the so-called “triple” of the engine.
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Comments 26
I don't know if it will help. Due to the malfunction of two coils, two injectors did not spray. Those. the brain gives the command: no spark, no injector. I would start digging for errors in the ecu first.
I think I need to watch it anyway. Thank you
no, check them on the bench, if they work, then look at the wiring and the last option is a malfunction of the computer
No. The phase sensor could break down if two of the same injectors do not work. Or the braid itself to the injectors is acting up. And yes, a diagnostic computer costs 1000 rubles. Will save a lot of money and nerves)))
How come, a diagnostic computer costs 1000 rubles? where is it?
# I was a little mistaken in the price, it has gone up in price, but you can find it up to 1500. There are more expensive ones, but the point is only in convenience and somewhat more advanced functionality. In Krasnodar, there seems to be a State dealer www.shtat.ru/gde_kupit/krasnodar/
No. The throttle is needed to pass air. And the Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is needed to read the opening angle of the valve itself and, accordingly, to supply the correct amount of fuel. There seems to be some kind of sensor at the injectors. It is responsible for the alternating operation of the injectors. I even changed it... but I forgot what it is called. (
A faulty injector (nozzle) has a negative impact on the operation of the vehicle engine. The sooner the car owner finds out the cause of the malfunction, the sooner he will eliminate it, saving a significant amount of time, nerves and money. Listed below are signs of an injector malfunction that indicate the need for repair and maintenance work.
How to clean the injectors yourself without removing them from the engine
During the diagnostic process, a common cause of unstable engine operation is that the injection nozzles are clogged. There are several ways to clean injectors, among which mechanical, ultrasonic or cleaning using special chemical compounds can be used.
In some cases, pouring a special injector cleaner additive into the fuel tank is enough to normalize the operation of the entire system. It is also recommended to rev the engine to high speeds at certain intervals and accelerate the car to 110-130 km/h. on flat sections of the path. In this mode you need to drive 10-20 kilometers. Continuous operation of the injectors under load allows for so-called self-cleaning.
Cleaning the injector should be done as a preventive measure, and not after signs of malfunction appear. If the car is operated in city driving mode on fuel of questionable quality, then the interval of preventive measures should be reduced in relation to individual operating conditions.
When and why you need to remove fuel injectors from the engine. Removing injectors on gasoline and diesel engines: features of the dismantling process.
Cleaning a car injector without removing the injectors. Methods for cleaning injectors with removal on a cavitation stand. Ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation.
Malfunctions of diesel injectors, checking and self-identification of problems. Cleaning diesel engine injector nozzles, regulating injection pressure.
Common diesel engine malfunctions and diagnostics of units of this type. Checking the fuel system of a diesel engine, useful tips.
Operating principle and distinctive features of gas injectors. Basic parameters when choosing nozzles for gas equipment 4. Which gas injectors are best to buy.
Features of operation and causes of malfunctions of diesel injectors. How to independently remove, troubleshoot, disassemble and repair diesel engine injectors.
How to check the power supply to the injectors
This check is carried out if the injectors themselves are working, but any of the injectors do not work when the ignition is turned on.
- for diagnostics, the connector is disconnected from the injector, after which two wires need to be connected to the battery;
- the other ends of the wires are attached to the injector contacts;
- then you need to turn on the ignition and record the presence or absence of fuel leakage;
- if fuel flows, then this sign indicates problems in the electrical circuit;
Another diagnostic technique is to check the injector using a multimeter. This method allows you to measure the resistance on the injectors without removing them from the engine.
- Before starting work, you need to find out what impedance (resistance) the injectors installed on a particular vehicle have. The fact is that there are injection nozzles with both high and low resistance.
- The next step is to turn off the ignition and also reset the negative terminal from the battery.
- Next you will need to disconnect the electrical connector on the injector. To do this, you need to use a screwdriver with a thin tip, with which you need to unclip a special clip located on the block.
- After disconnecting the connector, switch the multimeter to the desired operating mode for measuring resistance (ohmmeter), connect the contacts of the multimeter to the corresponding contacts of the injector to measure impedance.
- The resistance between the outer and central contacts of a high-impedance injector should be between 11-12 and 15-17 ohms. If the car uses low resistance injectors, then the indicator should be from 2 to 5 Ohms.
Cleaning injectors at home
Cleaning injectors at home
- Several bottles of cleaning liquid for cleaning injectors or carburetor.
- 15-20 cm of rubber hose.
- A pair of metal clamps.
- 12 volt light bulb.
- Not fixed breaker (button).
- Connecting terminals in the amount of 4 pieces.
- Needle or pin.
- Keys that are used when dismantling injectors.
The operating procedure is as follows:
- Remove the nozzles and inspect each one very carefully. Where traces of fuel leakage are noticeable, replace with new ones.
- Remove the O-rings from the body and injectors.
- Place the nozzles in a container for a while and fill them with solvent or acetone so that only the nozzles are in the cleaning liquid.
- Use a piece of hose to connect the can and the nozzle inlet. Secure the hose with clamps. To drain the used liquid, you can use any convenient container.
- You will need a phone charger. Connect the positive end of the wire to the breaker (button), and fix the negative end to the injector contact. We sequentially power a 12-volt light bulb to the other contact of the breaker. We connect the wiring from the light bulb to the second terminal of the atomizer.
- Plug in the phone charger. By pressing the breaker button, the circuit is closed. The light should light up and the injector should open, as indicated by a click.
- Then feed the cleaning liquid from the can into this system.
- Close the breaker, the nozzle will open and the cleaning liquid will pour into the container provided for this purpose.
- Repeat this action several times and with all nozzles.
- The spray nozzle is cleaned of carbon deposits with a pin or needle.
- Having washed and cleaned, we sequentially reassemble everything in the reverse order.
Design
The fuel injector of the 14th Lada model is an electromechanical part that acts as a valve and atomizer. In the closed position, the injector is a valve that holds fuel and does not allow it to leak, thereby reducing the pressure in the system, and in the open position it is a sprayer, spraying this fuel into the engine system.
The nozzle has:
- Mesh filter;
- O-rings;
- Electromagnet winding;
- Core (acting as a valve);
- Return spring;
- Power connector;
Important information
First you need to find out exactly what kind of fuel the car is fueled with. Turning to unfamiliar gas stations is likely to interfere with stable operation. Negative consequences are associated with carbon deposits inside the combustion chambers. The service life of the injectors does not even reach 120 thousand kilometers if you regularly choose low-quality materials for refueling.
It is recommended to replace it at least every 90 thousand kilometers.
Extending the service life
Removing VAZ 2114 injectors, 8 valves, and the same process on a 16-valve engine is no different, as well as the washing and cleaning procedures.
To extend the service life of sprayers, you must follow these rules:
- It is recommended to add special additives to the fuel that improve the quality of the working mixture.
- After 40,000 km. mileage, clean the injectors with ultrasonics at a service station.
- At service stations they clean sprayers with solvent, but this is a very expensive process.
Most common reasons
There are three main factors that can lead to unstable operation of the fuel injection system:
- Low quality fuel is a common problem in all post-Soviet countries.
- A long service life can equally be attributed to both advantages and disadvantages.
- Unprofessional repair work.
It should be noted that unqualified repairs are the most dangerous factor that can affect the normal operation of the injector. In the absence of certain theoretical and practical knowledge, it is not recommended to try to repair or clean the injector yourself. It is best to entrust such work to professionals who are well aware of all the nuances and features of carrying out work of this kind.
Improper cleaning of the injector can cause harm
There can be a great many reasons for a malfunctioning injector, so in this article we will analyze only the most typical signs of an injector malfunction inherent in engines of various types, and give recommendations for eliminating them.
