The design of a car chassis using the example of a VAZ 2109

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Advantages and disadvantages

• Inexpensive Soviet-made car;
• Front-wheel drive can certainly be considered an advantage;
• Acceptable ride height;
• Good dynamics, high speed, pleasant handling and sufficient stability on different surfaces;
• Heating and ventilation cope well with their tasks and supply air to several points at once, which improves the uniform distribution of thermal air throughout the cabin;
• Acceptable fuel consumption;
• Ideal for tuning;
• Availability of spare parts and good maintainability.

• Corrosion of metal;
• The appearance is clearly not for everyone;
• A small resource of some details;
• Mediocre sound insulation of the cabin;
• Low equipment;
• There is very little free space, especially for rear passengers;
• Small luggage compartment;
• Poor maneuverability;
• Poor quality interior;
• Low level of security;
• The power unit clearly lacks power.

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Signs of wear or damage to the undercarriage

1. Leaks under the car in the area where suspension parts are located. Cars of the VAZ 2109 model, as a rule, already have a long service life (and the design of the hydraulic cylinders is designed for a certain resource, which they may have exhausted a long time ago). There is a high probability that the oil seal or shock absorber rod mirror may wear out, so pay attention to possible leakage of hydraulic fluid (in principle, you need to be careful about any leaks from the car);
2. Knocking when driving, yawping along the road is the most common sign of a malfunction. As a rule, this indicates wear or loosening of the components; carefully inspect the suspension, or best of all, contact a workshop;
   Read also:  How to choose a clutch cable for a VAZ 2109, its replacement and repair
3. When acting on the suspension (try pressing on the hood or, conversely, lifting your car, experienced auto mechanics, when first getting acquainted with passenger cars, not only the VAZ 2109, roughly assess the condition of the chassis), the suspension does not provide sufficient resistance - the first sign of malfunction hydraulic cylinders. There can be many reasons - insufficient amount of fluid, leakage due to wear of the seals, fluoroplastic bushing, wear of the rod, malfunction of the valve mechanism. It is necessary to replace worn parts, replenish the oil in the cylinders, or eliminate the malfunction of the valve mechanism;
4. When driving (especially on uneven roads), hard shocks with a characteristic sound occasionally appear, which can even be felt on the steering (the so-called “breakdown” of the suspension). The appearance of this symptom indicates that the springs (most often the rear chassis) have lost their properties due to metal fatigue; hydraulic shock absorbers may also not work properly. In any case, it is necessary to inspect the structure of your suspension and make repairs.

We have not yet mentioned the uneven wear of tires - if your wheels are adjusted to alignment and balanced, and the CV joints (since the VAZ 2109 is assembled according to the front-wheel drive scheme) work correctly, then the reason is the chassis, there is a breakdown somewhere, unnecessary backlash or wear.
In conclusion, it should be noted that although the chassis of the VAZ 2109 is not subject to such overloads as a similar truck unit, its design is still quite complex and requires constant attention; fortunately, the suspension design allows for maintenance and repair without large material costs.

What else is worth reading

Steering mechanism diagram

Brake system diagram

Parking brake diagram

Replacing the front pads of a VAZ 2109

Independent suspension device

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Rear suspension device for VAZ 2109.

The suspension consists of:

1. central beam,
2. trailing arms,
3. mounting brackets,
4. springs,
5. hydraulic shock absorbers.

The central beam is the main element in the design of the rear axle of a car. The design is welded.

Springs and hydraulic shock absorbers are also of high importance in suspension. They are attached to the beam from below with bolts, and with their upper part to the car body through rubber-metal bushings.

Shock absorbers (double-acting) give smoothness and stability to the vehicle, and also dampen radial vibrations.

As for the rear suspension springs, they come in two stiffness classes: A - more rigid, “high” and B - less rigid, “low”. In this case, the rear springs must have the same stiffness as the front suspension springs. Although in some cases, it is allowed for class B springs in the rear suspension, and class A springs in the front suspension, but not vice versa!

In the case when the car’s suspension “breaks through” to the bump stops and (or) sags under load, it is recommended to install stiffer springs on the car, not forgetting to first check their performance.

But let's return to the main structural element of the rear suspension of the VAZ 2109 - the central beam.

According to the design of the car, flanges are welded to its side parts, to which, in turn, the hub is screwed. The hub has a sleeve bearing. This is a double-row angular contact bearing with a transitional fit on the axle. During vehicle operation, this wheel bearing does not require replenishment of lubrication or adjustment. By the way, if play occurs, the bearing should simply be replaced, but under no circumstances should you try to eliminate the play by tightening the nut. If the bearing does not play, then there is no need to remove the hub.

As for other malfunctions and possible repairs, I would like to note the following.

The chassis of a car is its basis, therefore, it is necessary to regularly (at least once every 6 months, and during intensive driving - once every 3 months) monitor its condition.