How to check without removing the VAZ 2108-2115 generator

Generator type 94.3701 alternating current, three-phase, with built-in rectifier unit and electronic voltage regulator, right-hand rotation (drive side)

The generator connection diagram is shown in Figure 1

The voltage to excite the generator when the ignition is turned on is supplied to terminal “D+” of the regulator (terminal “D” of the generator) through indicator lamp 4 located in the instrument cluster.

After starting the engine, the excitation winding is powered by three additional diodes installed on the generator rectifier block. The “W” terminal of the generator is not used on vehicles of the VAZ-2115 family.

The operation of the generator is controlled by a warning lamp in the instrument cluster.

When the ignition is turned on, the lamp should be on, and after starting the engine, it should go out if the generator is working.

A brightly burning lamp or glowing at full intensity indicates a malfunction.

The “minus” of the battery should always be connected to ground, and the “plus” should always be connected to the “B+” terminal of the generator.

Failure to turn the battery back on will immediately cause increased current through the generator valves and damage them.

It is not allowed to operate the generator with the battery disconnected. This will cause short-term overvoltages to occur at the “B+” terminal of the generator, which can damage the generator voltage regulator and electronic devices in the vehicle’s on-board network.

It is prohibited to check the functionality of the generator “for spark” even by briefly connecting the “B+” terminal of the generator to ground. In this case, significant current flows through the valves and they are damaged.

The generator can only be checked using an ammeter and voltmeter.

The generator valves are not allowed to be checked with a voltage of more than 12 V or with a megger, since it has a voltage too high for the valves, and they will be broken during testing (a short circuit will occur).

It is prohibited to check the vehicle's electrical wiring with a megger or a lamp powered by a voltage of more than 12 V. If such a check is necessary, you must first disconnect the wires from the generator.

The insulation resistance of the generator stator winding with increased voltage should be checked only on a stand and always with the terminals of the phase windings disconnected from the valves.

When electrically welding components and parts of the car body, you should disconnect the wires from all terminals of the generator and battery.

Purpose of a car electric generator

This device converts torque into electricity. This element feeds:

car ignition system;
automotive lighting;
electronic equipment of the car (for example, on-board PC).

The power of the electric generator may not be enough when all consumers are turned on. This will cause the batteries to drain quickly. When the full load is turned on, the voltage of the generator of the VAZ 2110 car and other models of the manufacturer drops below the permissible value, which leads to battery discharge. .

Additional recommendations

Before starting the test, you need to familiarize yourself with the type of generator set, because the relay regulator can support different values depending on the car model. We are talking about the range from 13.6 to 14.2 V. All these subtleties need to be learned before starting the test, because the final result may depend on them.

Checking the car generator

Otherwise, the process of checking the generator is simple, so even without experience, the driver can do it on his own. Of course, you need to start by checking the generator without removing it. Only by its results can you determine whether the device needs to be dismantled or not. Also, during the test, you can identify other faults related to the generator or other electrical devices of the car.

Generator diagnostics will help prevent serious malfunctions

Source

Where is the generating unit installed on VAZ vehicles?

To find the generator in AvtoVAZ cars, just lift the hood and inspect the front left corner. The device is located behind the radiator in a rather inaccessible place.

Appearance of the VAZ 2108-2115 generator

To remove the generating unit, specialists often use lifts or dismantle it from the pit. Due to the difficulty of carrying out such operations, it is important to know that you can check the charging of the generator with a multimeter on a VAZ 2110 car and other modifications of the manufacturer without removing the device.

Operating principle of an electric generator

The operating algorithm of the generating unit on VAZ cars is as follows:

when the ignition is activated, the current begins to move to the excitation wires;
the armature creates an e/m field passing through the stator winding;
voltage appears at the terminals;
after the armature reaches a significant rotation speed, the system switches to self-excitation mode;
The produced alternating current is converted into direct current through a rectifier unit.
when the crankshaft rotation speed jumps, the voltage regulator is activated (the time interval for activating the excitation wire is adjusted).

Those who want to know how to check the generator on VAZ 2109 cars and newer models of the manufacturer should take into account that the general connection diagram may include a built-in voltmeter and a charge lamp. The latter is located on the dashboard.

Features of work

What might a faulty unit look like, how to remove and disassemble the generator, how is it rebuilt? If the device does not charge the injector or carburetor of a VAZ 21099 or 2109, first of all, let's look at the features of its functioning, namely the power circuit.

Generator power circuit

Node power circuit So, what does the circuit include:

The VAZ 2109 generator itself.
Negative diode.
Additional element.
Positive diode.
The warning light also informs the driver that the battery is low.
Vehicle dashboard.
Voltmeter.
The fuse box is installed in the engine compartment under the windshield opposite the driver's seat.
Resistor elements installed in the same block.
Ignition relay "nine".
The castle itself.
Battery
Capacitor device.
Winding.
Generator voltage regulator relay installed in the engine compartment.

It should be noted that the connection diagram for the VAZ 2109 generator is relevant for all cars with front-wheel drive of the eighth line - both 2108 and 21099 (the author of the video is Semyon Pedan).

Device for mounting AvtoVAZ electric generators

Sometimes, to check the functionality of such devices, it is necessary to completely dismantle them. Before checking a generator removed from a VAZ 2110 and other cars from the same manufacturer with a multimeter, you should understand the structure of the generating unit.

The design may differ slightly depending on the modification of the device. But the main components of electric generators include the stator, rotor, aluminum covers, pulley, brushes, and bearings.

Rotor design features

The part is made in the form of a shaft with a corrugated surface, pressed steel bushings, and beak-shaped poles. Together these elements form an electromagnetic core.

Between the poles on the bushing there is an exciting winding protected by a plastic housing. A cooling impeller and a generator pulley are attached to the front of the shaft. The rotor is installed on bearings. The rear ball bearing is pressed onto the shaft. The front one is fixed with special washers on the cover.

Generator stator structure

This device is made of thin plates (up to 1 mm thick) made of electrical steel. The inner surface of the stator has grooves for laying three-phase windings. Each winding includes 6 coils.

Mounting the VAZ electric generator

When servicing such devices, it is often necessary to remove them. The generating units are fixed using special brackets secured with bolts. It is more convenient to unscrew this mount while under the car.

Drawing of the VAZ 2108-2115 generator

The electric generators are also attached to the drive belt tensioner plate. Fixation is carried out using a nut. Different AvtoVAZ vehicles are equipped with different types of drive belts. For example, model 2108 (and its modifications) has V-belts, and VAZ 2111 has poly-V-belts.

This difference is due to the different configuration of the internal combustion engines of VAZ cars. Newer models (for example, 2114b 2115) are equipped with powerful air conditioning systems and electric power steering. Therefore, they require better adhesion of the belt to the pulleys, as well as a current output of 80 A or more.

Which electric generator should I buy (articles, manufacturers)?

When checking a generator, it sometimes turns out that the device needs to be replaced. To choose the appropriate version of the generating unit for a VAZ, you need to take into account the type of engine (with a carburetor or injector) and the configuration of the internal combustion engine.

It is better to install models of generating units manufactured by VAZ partners. Among the latter, electric generators KZATE 9402.3701 and 372.3701 are distinguished. The first option produces a current of 80 A and is installed on the engines of AvtoVAZ 2111 cars. Devices 372.3701 are less powerful, delivering 55 A.

The most popular brands of generators for VAZ internal combustion engines

If you cannot find one of the above parts, you can give preference to compatible generating units. Among the most famous manufacturers of electric generators at VAZ are:

LKD - the brand is distinguished by the production of devices that are not of the highest standard, but still suitable for use.
Fenox - the manufacturer stands out for its high-quality assembly of products.
“Pramo” - generating units of this brand have a different design than models from previous manufacturers, which makes it possible to obtain power up to 100 A;
“StartVOLT” - devices from this manufacturer are equipped with digital voltage regulators and a pair of additional diodes. The latter help to increase the productivity of the electric generator (up to 120 A).

If you want to save money, you should choose Chinese brands of generators. Domestic manufacturers produce electric generators with an optimal ratio of quality and cost.

Multimeter - what is it

A multimeter is a measuring device used to measure resistance, current or voltage. Also, using such a device you can check the wiring for breaks. Each of these measurements involves the use of separate measuring instruments, such as a voltmeter, ammeter or ohmmeter. Therefore, a multimeter is considered a universal tool (mulmeter = voltmeter + ammeter + ohmmeter). In practice, analog and digital multimeters are used.

What is a multimeter

Analog

This multimeter is equipped with a special hand, like on a watch, by the movement of which the measurements are read. The analog multimeter is also equipped with a measuring scale with resistance, current and voltage values. The device is inexpensive, so it is very popular. The disadvantages of an analog multimeter include measurement errors (this mainly applies to products made in China).

Digital

Unlike an analog multimeter, a digital multimeter has an LCD or LED screen that displays data. These devices are easier to use and also have high accuracy, which cannot be said about cheaper analogues.

Digital multimeter

Note! Some types of digital multimeters can work in conjunction with a computer, transferring data obtained as a result of measurements to it.

Video - How to use a multimeter

Main malfunctions of VAZ generating units

Before you check, without removing, the generator on a VAZ 2115 or another manufacturer's model, you should know that malfunctions of such devices can be electrical and mechanical.

Electrical problems include:

breakdown of the diode bridge;
voltage regulator malfunction;
brush wear, rotor shaft runout;
winding breakage, puncture (interturn or to the housing).

Features of the VAZ 2108-2115 generator

Mechanical failures include destruction of bearings, damage to the housing, and the drive belt.

Wear, ball bearing wedge

This problem can be recognized by the specific sound of the bearings when the shaft rotates, and the presence of vibration during operation of the electric generator. You can check the performance of the bearings by checking the smoothness of the shaft. If noise is heard during rotation, the ball bearings must be replaced.

Damage to the windings of the generating unit

This fault often occurs at the junction of the ends of the winding with the slip rings. Also, sometimes the winding short-circuits (when the conductor branches off, gaps form). If such damage occurs, the battery stops charging. To diagnose a breakdown you need:

disconnect the end of the winding from the brush;
connect the battery wiring to the disconnected end and the terminal of the generating unit through a voltmeter or lamp;
if the light does not light up and the meter needle remains in place, we can confidently say that there is a break.

In this way, you can check the operation of the generator on a VAZ 2110 without removing it. This method is also suitable for most other VAZ models. To fix the problem, acid-free soldering and soft solder are used. If damage occurs inside the coil, the rotor or starter is replaced.

Signs of wear on generator brushes

Diagnosis of this breakdown is possible without dismantling the generating unit. If you use an electric generator with worn brushes, this will lead to complete failure of the device. Signs of problems with brushes include:

frequent blinking, dim headlights;
slow battery charging;
random switching off of the radio.

Such a breakdown is dangerous because during car maintenance small parts are often not given due attention. Therefore, the problem of worn brushes often takes motorists by surprise. The malfunction is eliminated by replacing the unit.

Rectifier unit malfunction

A problem may be indicated by rapid battery drain. In this case, you can check the generator on the car for functionality (for VAZ 2110 and other cars of the same brand).

Most often, problems begin after the element overheats, power surges, or mechanical damage. As a rule, failure is associated with breakdown of diodes. This causes a short circuit of the contacts of the stator winding, which leads to the generator becoming unusable.

Problems with the voltage regulator

A malfunction often occurs on VAZ 2114 vehicles. With such a malfunction, problems with the battery begin. The breakdown can also be diagnosed using a multimeter.

Repair of generator VAZ 2108-2115

The generator on a VAZ 2114 car should produce a voltage of about 13...14 V (with the internal combustion engine running). If the device begins to produce a lower or higher value, this will lead to a decrease in battery life. At high voltage (more than 14.5 V), the relay should turn off. If the regulator does not turn off, this indicates a breakdown. This problem can be caused by:

short circuit in the circuit;
incorrect connection to the battery;
penetration of moisture into the housing.

The voltage regulator can also become unusable if the car's electric generator is not regularly maintained.

Reasons why the VAZ 2109 generator does not charge

Good day, dear reader. In this article, I will tell you as simply as possible about the operating principle of the VAZ 2109 - 2114 generator and about the reasons why the generator does not charge. So that everything is clear to an ordinary person who has not studied electrical engineering, I will not delve into the physics of what is happening and use scientific terms, but I will explain everything, as they say, “on the fingers.” So, let's begin!

The principle of operation of the VAZ 2109 generator

In order to understand why on the VAZ 2109 - 2114 the generator gives little charge or does not charge at all, you need to understand how it works and know the principle of its operation.

The generator consists of five main parts shown in the figure below: armature - 5, stator - 6, relay-regulator paired with brushes - 10, diode bridge - 9, housing - 3.7.

The operating principle is as follows:

a positive wire goes from the battery to the diode bridge (9) and the diode bridge (9) is connected to ground through the housing (3.7) of the generator
voltage through the diode bridge (9) is supplied to the stator (6) of the generator and a magnetic field appears in the stator
when the car starts, the engine, using a belt drive, turns the generator rotor (5)
in the rotor (5), rotating in the magnetic field of the generator (6), a current appears
The current is removed from the rotor by brushes (10) and through a relay-controller (10) is supplied to the car battery.

Failure to comply with any of the points leads to a malfunction of the VAZ 2109 - 2114 generator.

To find the reason why the VAZ 2109 2114 generator does not work or does not charge well, you need to check for serviceability each of the points above that describe the operation of the generator.

Point one: the diode bridge does not receive positive voltage from the battery.

The cause of the malfunction in this case may be the wire itself or its connection to the diode bridge or battery. Try cleaning the connection terminals, and if that doesn’t help, test the wire.

Poor contact with the negative wire is not considered, since in this case the engine would not start at all.

Point two: diode bridge and generator stator.

If voltage comes to the diode bridge, but charging does not occur, then it should be checked for functionality. To find out how this is done, read the article “Checking the diode bridge of VAZ 2109 - 2114”.

After checking the diode bridge, if it is working properly, we ring the stator winding. To do this, select the continuity mode on the multimeter and apply the probes to the first and second contacts of the stator, and then to the first and third.

If there are no cliffs anywhere, we move on.

Point three: VAZ 2109 - 2114 alternator belt.

The carburetor version of the VAZ had a thin V-belt, and the injection models have a wide belt with cores, but this does not change the operating principle. Charging may not go well due to belt slippage. This malfunction is manifested by a strong belt whistle. The belt may also start to whistle when you turn on energy consumers such as headlights, heated glass, stove fan, etc. If you hear a belt whistle, try to replace it as soon as possible. This is one of the reasons why the VAZ 2109 -2114 generator does not charge well.

Point four: generator armature VAZ 2109 -2114.

There should be no breaks in the armature, as well as in the stator. Test it by placing the multimeter probes on the brush tracks.

If the anchor does not ring, it should be replaced.

Point five: brushes with a relay-controller.

The brushes of the VAZ 2109 -2114 generator wear off over time on the armature tracks. If their length is less than 5 millimeters, then they are not able to press tightly against the anchor, thereby not charging the vase battery.

But it happens that the relay-regulator fails before the brushes are worn out. To check it you will need:

12 volt light bulb
car battery
two 1.5 volt batteries
several wires

We connect the light bulb and battery to the relay regulator as shown in the figure below. In this case, the lamp should be on.

Now we add two batteries to the circuit, as in the figure below. The light should not be on now.

If the light comes on in both cases - the relay - the regulator needs to be changed.

Methods for checking the health of the generator

The choice of testing method for the generating unit depends on whether the car owner has the appropriate tools, his own garage with an inspection pit or a lifting device, as well as the appropriate skills.

Checking the electric generator without removing it

Due to difficulties with dismantling generating units, they are often tested without removing them from the car. To do this, you will need a multimeter and basic skills in using this device. First you need to check the voltage at the battery terminals with the engine off. An indicator of 12.5...12.7 V indicates the good condition of the battery.

Then you should start the engine and repeat the measurement at idle with the headlights, radio and other consumers turned off. The value of 13.8...14.5 V indicates the correct operation of the electric generator. At 1.5...2 thousand rpm. and enabled consumer value should be the same.

Testing the generating unit after dismantling

You can also check a generator removed from a VAZ 2110 or other cars of this brand with a multimeter. This requires actual dismantling. After this the check is performed:

Diode bridge - conductivity of the diodes should be observed only in 1 direction.
Voltage regulator - checked with a light bulb. At 13.5 V it should light up, and at a higher voltage it should go out. This test will require a power supply with a voltage regulation option.
Generator stator - the resistance between the terminals is measured, as well as between the neutral wire and the winding. The value should be 0.2 Ohm and 1 mOhm respectively.

Generator repair

Additionally, the dimensions of brushes and slip rings are measured. The obtained values are compared with the regulated values.

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Checking the stator winding

We visually check that there is no cracking of the insulation and no burning of the winding (occurs when there is a short circuit in the valves of the rectifier unit). A stator with a damaged winding should be replaced.

A problem with the winding is not the only cause of generator failure. You will find other tips in the DIY generator repair section.

Have you ever had to check the rotor and stator windings of a generator yourself?

Dismantling and installation of an electric generator

The procedures for removing and installing the generating unit will be considered using the example of VAZ 2108, 2109. Algorithm for the dismantling procedure:

Disabling the car battery.
Disconnecting the generator terminals (located on the right).
Loosening the drive belt tension adjustment nut (located on top).
Removing the strap from the pulley.
Removing the adjusting bar (the same bar where the nut was loosened).
Unscrewing the bracket mounting bolts.

After this, the generating unit can be removed. You can remove the generator, for example, on a VAZ 2114 with a 16-valve internal combustion engine from Super Auto according to the same sequence. The device must be installed in reverse order.

VAZ electric generator repair

If a generating unit breaks down, you do not always need to buy a new device. Some problems can be fixed:

Replacing failed parts with new ones. This applies to worn brushes, damaged diode bridge, worn bearings.
Tensioning or replacing the belt. To avoid problems in models with a 16-valve engine from Super Auto and other vehicles, you should regularly check the belt tension.
Cleaning the terminals. If the contacts become oxidized, you will have to remove the electric generator and carefully remove dirt from adjacent surfaces as well.

Troubleshooting VAZ 2108-2115

When rectifiers or voltage regulators fail, the help of specialists is usually required. It is better to contact a car service.

Diode bridge

A diode bridge consists of two plates, one of which is positive and the other negative. Diodes are checked with a multimeter in ohmmeter mode.

Connect one probe to the “+” terminal of the diode bridge, and alternately connect the second to terminals F1 F2 F3 and 0. To make it clearer: we connect one probe to the positive plate, and with the other we alternately touch the terminals of those diodes that are pressed into this plate.

Then swap the probes and do the same. In one case the tester should show conductivity (some kind of resistance), but in the other it should not. So we checked the diodes on the positive plate.

To check the diodes on the negative plate, connect one probe to the negative plate, and the second to the leads of the diodes alternately. In exactly the same way, then we swap the probes and repeat the procedure. In one case there will be conductivity, in the other there will not be.

What other electric generators are suitable for VAZ?

When choosing an analogue to the original generating unit, car owners often want to save money. Chinese-made models (for example, ATE-1) are suitable for such purposes. But at a low cost, you should not expect sky-high quality. Other manufacturers of suitable generators:

Eldix - products of this brand combine high-quality assembly and reasonable prices. But it is difficult to find spare parts for devices of this brand.
Bosch - devices from this manufacturer are reliable and durable.
Motorhertz – stands out for its wear-resistant bearings.

VAZ car owners also highlight Krauf electric generators. Products of this brand are distinguished by their affordable price and good quality.