Unfortunately, it is impossible to determine by external inspection the condition of the thermocouple in the thermostat of a Lada Kalina with a 16-valve 1.4-liter engine. And during a short test ride, this is also problematic. The most common reasons for thermostat failure are:
• deposits of products of corrosion processes on the moving parts of the sensitive element; • entry of dirt, scale or foreign objects into the thermostat housing; poor quality coolant; • malfunction of the water pump (pump).
Characteristics of the Lada Kalina thermostat
The thermostat is an important engine cooling system; it occupies a place between the radiator and the cylinder block of the power unit. By design, this is a housing with an automatic valve, which, when the coolant is heated to a certain temperature, opens a large circulation circuit through the main cooling radiator. By closing the large circuit when the engine is cool, the car warms up much faster when circulating through the small circuit. The wear of its moving parts is reduced, overheating is eliminated, and the volume of harmful substances released into the environment is reduced.
A working thermostat allows you to warm up the engine to operating temperature, which for Kalina is 90-95 degrees. Over time, the valve wears out, and the heater maintains a temperature of no higher than 80 degrees. A working device helps the engine quickly warm up even in severe frost. Thanks to this device, the stove on Kalina is considered one of the warmest on VAZ cars. According to experts and car enthusiasts, the best price-quality ratio is the standard thermostat produced by DAAZ. It's all about a special screw, with which you can independently adjust the valve opening temperature. It is impossible not to take into account the reliability of factory products, which in this regard are superior to most analogues.
The same thermostats are used for 8- and 16-valve engines.
Thermostat operating principle
The operation of a thermostat resembles the operation of a valve, only the opening and closing of the thermoelement occurs under the influence of temperature differences. The nominal operating temperature of a car engine is approximately 90°C, the temperature of full opening of the thermostat valve is 85°C. When the engine is cold started, the thermostat is in the closed position and opens completely when it reaches 85°C. On a cold engine, the coolant circulates in a small circle bypassing the cooling radiator; as soon as the temperature reaches operating temperature, the thermostat opens and the coolant begins to circulate in a large circle through the cooling radiator, thereby maintaining the operating temperature and preventing the engine from overheating.
How to make a sliding screen
The sliding structure can also be made of plastic. For this you will need a plastic sheet. The guides along which the doors will move must be made of a special aluminum profile. First, a metal frame is made, as described above, then guides are fixed at the top and bottom along the entire length of the profile.
The required length and width of the doors are measured, their dimensions are transferred to the sheet and cut out. The doors are fixed on the sides of the screen in the first groove of the profile. A central fixed part is installed in the middle groove.
You can stick a plain or colored film on plastic doors in accordance with the overall interior of the bathtub
If you want the doors to move along the entire length of the bathtub, then two plastic pieces are cut out. Their size is calculated in such a way that when closed they overlap each other. The first door is installed in one groove, and the second in the other. Finally, furniture handles are placed on the doors.
Management
We bring to your attention detailed instructions for completely replacing the thermostat with a new one. Even if you don’t understand how to replace the thermostat on a viburnum, the video will help clarify the situation.
1. Disconnect the sensor from the air filter housing and remove the air filter. As a rule, it will take no more than ten minutes to dismantle it. This is done correctly like this:
- completely unscrew the 2 screws located on top, as well as the nut located on the side of the engine compartment. We recommend leaving these parts in one place so that later you don’t have to look for them separately on the market;
- remove the connector installed on the recirculation valve (it, in turn, is based on the filter housing);
- lift the valve up, and then, without disconnecting the tubes, move it all to the free side;
- by unplugging the plug from the air sensor, remove the air hose by loosening the clamp;
- Having slightly loosened and turned the air filter housing, it should come out.
2. Before carrying out direct disassembly . get rid of some of the coolant
3. Take a 8mm socket wrench and a screwdriver. Use it to loosen the clamps , and then remove the four hoses.
A well-pumped system will not allow liquid to spill in large quantities.
4. Take a 12mm wrench and remove the wire by unscrewing the top nut on the thermostat.
5. Now take the key for 13. There is a nut and a stud on the thermostat - you will find the first in the upper part of the housing, the second at the bottom. Try to remove the thermostat by gently loosening it.
Helpful advice: loosen the thermostat carefully, sometimes helping yourself with a screwdriver.
These actions must be performed because during operation, high temperatures literally “solder” the thermostat, causing the housing to stick. Help with a screwdriver will solve this problem.
6. Next, clean the seat from accumulated dirt (there will be a lot of it there). Don't leave the old gasket in place - get rid of it completely. Wipe the seating areas with a clean cloth. Using sealant, 1-1.5 mm of substance per seat, or use a paper gasket. The best option at the moment is sealant. If you have applied it, stop working for 5-10 minutes. During this time, the sealant needs to crystallize. In the case of a paper gasket, work can be carried out immediately.
7. Installation of a new thermostat is carried out in the exact opposite order of removal. It is important not to forget to replace the temperature sensor from the old thermostat. It is also important to connect the ground wire. This is done by screwing the ground wire onto the top stud.
8. After all hoses are reconnected, add coolant to the system . Its quantity can be selected based on how much liquid you drained during disassembly of the old faulty device. To accomplish this task, the method of removing air pockets is used.
In test mode, start the engine. While it is idling, make sure that all hose attachment points are not leaking . If such a problem occurs, tighten the loose clamps.
Dismantling and installing the Kalina thermostat using the example of a 1.6 8-valve engine
To start work, we need to prepare a workspace so that we can get close to all the tubes and sensors that we will have to unscrew.
Unscrew the filler cap, then remove the plastic casing from the top of the engine:
After this, it is necessary to make access to the Kalina thermostat more free. To do this, you need to remove the air filter housing, read more about this here. Then it is worth keeping in mind that we will need to unscrew other pipes, and therefore we need to unscrew another large tube that connects the air filter and the throttle assembly.
And you can immediately look at the condition of the clamp and change it if necessary:
Now, in order to incur minimal losses of coolant, you need to pump out all the antifreeze or antifreeze from the engine. Now I will show you the fastest and easiest way to do this. We disconnect the fluid supply hose to the throttle assembly so as not to get confused, this is the one that is closer to the cable:
Then we need a compressor pre-connected to the cigarette lighter or battery terminals, depending on the type of wires. Then we screw the cone-shaped nozzle onto the end of the compressor and insert it into the fluid supply hose to the throttle assembly (marked with a blue arrow), and put a similar-sized hose onto the throttle assembly fitting, and the other end will go into a canister with the remains of the old antifreeze.
But my advice is to use an empty one, then just pour everything into the expansion tank so that after changing the thermostat and pumping the unit, fill in everything that was pumped out, and not pump or top up.
It is necessary to take into account that we pumped out the coolant from the engine cooling jacket bypassing the radiator (small circle), which means the liquid remained in the large circle, therefore, when disconnecting the pipes from the thermostat, you will need 2 of them, which go from and to the radiator, when removing tie them so that their ends point up. In this case, the liquid will not leak out.
And we also disconnect the sensor’s power plug, and now you can begin to remove the temperature sensor itself.
The thermostat itself is attached with two bolts diagonally, which need to be unscrewed:
After unscrewing the 2 bolts, carefully pull the thermostat towards the battery and reassemble everything in the reverse order!
Coolant pumping
After everything is assembled in the reverse order, we perform the following steps to pump the coolant.
- We start the car and wait until the car warms up to a temperature of 90-94. 1 fan will turn on.
- We wait, wait for the temperature to reach 100-105 - the 2nd fan will turn on
- Wait 4-5 seconds and turn off the car. The fan will still run to cool the engine. When the temperature is 85-89, the thermostat starts working, the peak is 102 degrees. At this moment, the valve opens completely and begins to circulate water in a large circle.
- We unscrew the filler cap while the fan is running, then immediately close it.
- We wait until the fan turns off completely and then open the lid again and the water will immediately go down. We top up to the MAX mark (what was pumped out) and that’s it. This completes the work.
On my own behalf I can say: Take a thermostat and DTOZh from Luzar. It works great and keeps the temperature at 81-90. I think this article will teach you to approach the maintenance of your car wisely. One of the readers of this blog, Vertass, was with you. No nail or rod for everyone.
Thermostat malfunctions
The design of the thermostat consists of a housing with pipes and a sensitive element with a valve, which actually shuts off the pipeline. The housing itself fails extremely rarely, and only due to mechanical damage.
Most often the sensitive element breaks. It is a sealed cylinder filled with a wax-based solid. The cylinder contains a piston with a rod. When heated, the substance melts and expands, pushing the piston. The latter extends and closes the valve.
The most common reasons for thermostat failure are:
- deposits of products of corrosion processes on the moving parts of the sensitive element;
- dirt, scale or foreign objects entering the thermostat housing;
- poor quality coolant;
- malfunction of the water pump (pump).
One symptom of a faulty thermostat is an overheating engine. It indicates that the coolant (coolant) moves in a small circle without passing through the radiator. It can also happen the other way around, when the liquid moves constantly in a large circle. In this case, the engine will take a very long time to warm up.
Replacing the pipes of the Kalina stove
In my case, the heater pipes were in the worst condition. In addition, unscrewing the clamps on the heater radiator itself was very problematic, since they are located immediately under the steering rack. To do this job I used a small ratchet with an 8mm head. It was simply impossible to get through with a screwdriver.
Before removing the pipes, be careful - the liquid remaining in the heater radiator will flow from them, so prepare small dishes in advance. Do not allow liquid to get on the speed sensor, which is installed exactly under the heater pipe.
How to understand that it’s time to change it
Replacing the thermostat on Kalina 8 valves is necessary in the following situations:
- the engine is constantly exposed to excessively high thermal loads, the temperature increases. This may lead to new unforeseen troubles;
- engine overheating is constant, but not reaching a critical level;
- if the coolant temperature began to rise for unknown reasons, etc.
It is important to closely monitor changes and monitor dynamics. If a spike occurs, it is recommended to immediately seek professional help. Traveling with a broken vehicle can end in disaster. If your car constantly overheats, but this does not cause a breakdown, you should think about timely replacement of parts.
You can do the process yourself or visit a service station. In order to do the work yourself, it is recommended to follow simple instructions.
Symptoms and consequences
Like any other mechanism, the thermostat can break down instantly. If this happens, the main thing is to detect the breakdown in time. Most often, a faulty mechanism can be detected when:
- increasing the amount of time required to fully warm up the power unit;
- the presence of elevated temperature in the power unit or even overheating.
The worst consequence of driving a car with a faulty thermostat is an overheated engine. There is no need to remind you once again about the consequences that overheating can cause. Therefore, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the issue of replacing a problematic thermostat on a Lada Kalina car.
Verification methods
There are two ways to determine the functionality of the thermostat. The first method involves checking without dismantling. To do this, you need to start a cold engine, warm it up to operating temperature (about 90 degrees), and touch the lower radiator hose.
A cold lower pipe at this temperature indicates that for some reason the thermostat did not open. If it is hot, the thermostat operates normally.
For a more accurate check, you will need to remove the thermostat cover with the sensitive element. Place it in a metal container with clean cold water and place it on the stove to warm up. When the water temperature reaches 85-90 degrees, the element should operate, pushing the valve stem forward. If this does not happen, the thermostat is faulty.
Replacing radiator pipes Kalina
When replacing radiator pipes, no difficulties should arise. We take off the old ones and put on new ones. The inlet pipe is attached to the top of the radiator, the outlet pipe is attached to the bottom. It is worth noting that the outlet pipe consists of 2 - one part (the main one) goes to the thermostat, the second goes to the expansion tank. This pipe is the most expensive - its cost exceeds the total cost of all other pipes taken together. Therefore, it is advisable to treat it with care.
There is only one connecting pipe left (from the thermostat to the siphon) and heating hoses for the throttle assembly. Replacing them shouldn't cause any problems either. I bought a hose for the throttle (10mm) separately, 1 meter long, then cut it to the length of the old ones.
I did not touch the hose for the overflow from the radiator to the expansion tank. She appeared to be in good condition.
What is a thermostat?
A thermostat is a component of a vehicle's cooling system that maintains the recommended coolant temperature.
The main component is the valve.
Depending on the position of this valve, the liquid will flow in a large or small circle. With the help of a thermostat, the engine will not overheat as a result of constant operation over a long period of time.
In the case of winter cold, the device significantly saves the fuel needed to operate the engine. Plus, the time spent warming up the vehicle engine to the optimal temperature will be reduced. On a car such as the Lada Kalina, replacing the thermostat is necessary if, in the temperature range of +85...+100 degrees Celsius, its valve does not open.
The principle of operation is to comply with the normal laws of physics. The solid heat-sensitive element melts during the heating process, due to which the damper opens independently. The degree of openness depends, first of all, on how much the heat-sensitive element has melted. As the device operates, it determines the further path of coolant flow.
Let us remember that it can flow either in a small or in a large circle.
What is it for?
Replacing the thermostat on a VAZ 2112 16 valves
As you know, this device regulates the temperature of the antifreeze, preventing overheating or underheating through a built-in valve. It is installed in the cooling system and automatically opens/closes depending on a certain situation. For example, if the liquid temperature is above normal, the valve opens and vice versa - if it is below normal, it closes.
In the second case
, the valve closes to reduce the warm-up time of the power unit in the cold season.
Closing the valve involves closing a large circle. As you know, the coolant moves in small and large circles. When the large circle is closed, the coolant flows through the small circle and after reaching 85°C the valve opens.
It is also worth noting that the thermostat is a completely mechanical device and the opening/closing of the valve occurs thanks to a special element, which is very sensitive. It is capable of melting when heated and opening the damper for non-stop movement of antifreeze in a large circle.
If for any reason this device does not work effectively, do the following:
- Purchase a thermal insert from Luzar;
- The air pipe is disconnected from the sensor. In addition, the connectors of the mass air flow sensor and the adsorber valve are removed;
- The air filter housing rises;
- The coolant is drained into some container;
- Remove the screws securing the thermostat cover clamps. They are removed;
- The device cover is removed along with the thermal insert;
- A new part is installed in your own garage (the approximate cost of a thermal insert is 140 rubles).
- After such modernization, Kalina will begin to warm up much faster, and the temperature will remain stable at around 90°C.
Signs of a bad thermostat
There are several characteristic signs of a thermostat malfunction on a Lada Kalina car:
- The car engine does not warm up to operating temperature;
- The engine quickly heats up and boils;
Let's look at each of the reasons in more detail.
Cold engine
If the thermostat is stuck in the open position, the engine will not be able to heat up to operating temperature due to the constant circulation of coolant in a large circle through the cooling radiator. The reasons for a stuck thermostat can be long-term use of coolant without replacing it and flushing the system. The thermostat body is made of aluminum, and the thermoelement is made of metal; with long-term use of coolant, traces of corrosion appear on the thermoelement, which leads to improper operation of the thermostat and its failure.
Hot engine
When the engine overheats, the reasons are the same as when it is not heated, only the thermostat gets stuck in the closed position. Also, jamming of the thermostat in the closed position can be confused with the breakage of the petals on the pump, which leads to the impossibility of coolant circulation along the circuit.
How can you modify the heater?
The new models Lada Kalina 2 and Lada Granta use a cooling system operating scheme with parallel connection of the heater radiator. Because of this, the operating temperature is reduced to 85 degrees, which is slightly lower than on previous models of the VAZ family. Many car owners seriously believe that this temperature cannot be normal - there is increased fuel consumption, as well as a decrease in the service life of moving engine parts due to premature wear. But according to experts, there is no connection between the reduced operating temperature and engine life.
The cooling system of the Lada Kalina works more efficiently thanks to a single-circuit design. Such a modernization only benefited the engine; it made it possible to change the ignition timing, resulting in fuel savings. The inertia of the thermostat is also reduced. The downside was the mediocre heating of the cabin at sub-zero temperatures. The way out of the situation is to independently modify the thermostat. Modification involves two main methods:
- shorten the rod of the solid-state temperature-sensitive element;
- replace the thermocouple.
For cars with a cable gas pedal, a heated throttle assembly from the cooling system is used. In this case, an additional circulation circle is added.
Adjusting the thermocouple rod
Shortening the end of the thermosensitive element rod will allow you to adjust the operating temperature to 90-95 degrees. Trimming is carried out sequentially in increments of no more than one millimeter. The metal is soft, so the procedure must be carried out carefully. It is advisable to reinstall the thermostat after each millimeter cut and check how much the operating temperature rises while driving.
If the result does not meet expectations, you can adjust the rod further until the arrow on the instrument panel shows 95 degrees and the air in the cabin begins to warm up faster. The method is simple but effective. Among the disadvantages, there is a slight increase in wear of SOD parts due to operation at high temperatures. If you overdo it with shortening, you can ruin the device.
Replacing the temperature sensor
The thermocouple can be replaced entirely. The Wahler brand thermostat insert is suitable for Lada Kalina: 3017.87 D (at 87° C) or 3091.92 B (at 90° C). The thermoelement is replaced as an assembly with a spring, and the device will have to be cut with a hacksaw to remove the insert. A more convenient option is to buy a thermostat from BEHR - you don’t have to cut or adjust anything
You can also use analogues from Daewoo Nexia or Renault Logan cars. Logan's thermal insert requires adjustment.
If a LUZAR thermostat is installed on Grant, then replacing the temperature-sensitive element is not possible.
Judging by the reviews of car owners who have made such modifications, fuel consumption while warming up the engine has decreased slightly.
Throttle body heating
Another way to upgrade the heater is to create an additional throttle valve heating circuit. Some drivers are trying to prevent the unit from freezing in winter in this way. The method is clearly not for beginners. It consists of drilling a hole in the cover of the device and welding an additional fitting to it, through which heated antifreeze will be discharged. The thermostat mounting studs will also have to be lengthened. The process is labor-intensive and ultimately impractical. Freezing of the throttle assembly is the exception rather than the rule, so there is no point in carrying out such an upgrade.
How to recognize a faulty thermostat?
- Long engine warm-up.
- Unreasonable increase in coolant temperature, or engine overheating.
The latter is the worst thing that can happen to you and your car's engine. For you, this means significant waste, big problems and wasted time. For the engine - reduced power, operational problems and inevitable overhauls.
Now let's talk about how to replace the thermostat if it fails. The popular VAZ model Lada Kalina will act as a test subject.
Replacing the Lada Kalina thermostat - necessary tools:
- Screwdriver Set;
- Two socket wrenches for “12″, “13″;
- Silicone sealant;
- Container for draining old coolant approximately (5 l);
- 1-2 hours of free time;
- Thermostat Lada Kalina.
Replacement Tools
First of all, you will need a working thermostat for your Lada Kalina car. During the work, you will have to drain the coolant. In order not to look for a suitable container already in the process, we recommend taking a simple five-liter container with you. In this case, even an ordinary five-liter bottle into which artesian mineral water is poured is suitable.
Just like in the case of other cars in which the thermostat is replaced, the 8-valve Viburnum will require two socket wrenches that secure the device. In this model, the nuts have two sizes - 12 and 13. Cleaning the seat is impossible without the use of sealant. To properly install the new thermostat, take with you a special silicone-based sealant; it will work fine. Plus, you will have to take a Phillips screwdriver. Finally, the main thing you can’t do without is one and a half to two hours of free time.
Self-replacement of the thermostat VAZ 1118 (Lada Kalina) - detailed instructions
1. First, drain the coolant.
2. After this, you need to remove the air filter, to do this do the following:
- A . From the engine compartment side, unscrew the two upper bolts and the nut. Put all the parts in one place, this will allow you not to lose them during the process of replacing the thermostat.
- b . Now remove the connector located on the filter housing from the recirculation valve.
- V . Remove the valve by pulling it up. Move it along with the tubes a little to the side so that it does not interfere with your work.
- G . You need to remove the connector from the air sensor, then loosen the clamp and remove the air hose.
- d . By slightly loosening and turning, remove the air filter housing outward.
3. The next step is to remove the four hoses; to do this, loosen the clamps a little, use an “8” socket and a screwdriver. If the system is well pumped, then a lot of coolant should not leak out.
4. Using a “12” wrench, you need to unscrew the top nut of the thermostat in order to remove the ground wire.
5. Unscrew the stud and nut on the thermostat using a “13” wrench. Using slight loosening, remove the thermostat. Sometimes you have to use a screwdriver or other device for this, this is explained by the fact that over the years of operation the thermostat tends to “stick” to its seat.
6. Before installing the Lada Kalina thermostat, prepare the seat by clearing it of dust and dirt, as well as remnants of the old gasket.
7. Apply a thin layer of sealant 1–1.5 mm thick; if you don’t have sealant, you can use a special paper gasket.
8. Replacing the Lada Kalina thermostat is possible only when the surface is properly prepared and the applied sealant has time to crystallize. Allow the sealant to sit for 5 – 10 minutes and begin installing the thermostat.
Thermostat for Kalina reviews
| rokVieM |
| Rating: 6 / -2 PM mention |
What brand of thermostat do you recommend?
quote: Pramo (Pramo), I took it in the BBC, for 10 ku, recently I took it for my father for 8 ku, also from Pramov.
I scoured the internet. some kind of vernet French everyone praises. only the black SCTs don’t seem to be bad either. I haven't seen these on sale here. at least at the lighthouse (mostly I buy everything there).
| Siman777 |
| Rating: 0 / 0 PM mention |
| Siman777 |
| Rating: 0 / 0 PM mention |
| Siman777 |
| Rating: 0 / 0 PM mention |
quote: Originally posted by rokVieM: yes, they all have it written that the opening t is 85 degrees))) but what’s the point.
I scoured the internet. some kind of vernet French everyone praises. only the black SCTs don’t seem to be bad either. I haven't seen these on sale here. at least at the lighthouse (mostly I buy everything there).
the choice is yours
| driver007 |
| Rating: 1 / -1 PM mention |
PS I have three cars of the ninth family in use every day, this problem never arises.
—————— CAR SERVICE “NIKO”, March 8th St., 16 (on Avangardnaya behind “Goat Park”) Repair of internal combustion engines, gearboxes, transmissions, suspensions. Auto electrician. Ultrasound injector flushing for VAZ, GAZ, UAZ, Foreign cars. tel.cell 67-66-66,55-05-66, from 9 to 19, seven days a week
| rokVieM |
| Rating: 6 / -2 PM mention |
This raises another question: is it normal that when driving with the heater on, the engine temperature does not rise above 78 degrees? There is no cardboard installed in front of the radiator and the engine is not covered with any blanket.
The questions seem simple.
| staff2011 |
| Rating: 2 / -1 PM mention |
| S.K. |
| Rating: 212 / -70 PM mention |
| rokVieM |
| Rating: 6 / -2 PM mention |
sellers gave 2 weeks for testing)))
| Alexander 63 |
| Rating: 5 / -8 PM mention |
| rokVieM |
| Rating: 6 / -2 PM mention |
quote: Originally posted by Alexander 63:
I sell thermostats from the Pekar plant, there were no complaints.
quote: Originally posted by booma:
set it will return to 92
and dviglo said thank you??
| booma |
| Rating: 3 / 0 PM mention |
| Alexander 63 |
| Rating: 5 / -8 PM mention |
I can't understand you rich people)))
| Details77 |
| Rating: 1 / -5 PM mention |
| Details77 |
| Rating: 1 / -5 PM mention |
| Gospod_in |
| Rating: 52 / -49 PM mention |
| Alexander 63 |
| Rating: 5 / -8 PM mention |
quote: VERNET, by the way, is not that expensive, it will be a little cheaper than Pekar
I'm not talking about the price, I was moved by pity((((((((((((
Well, why is there such an opinion that designers at factories are complete idiots, and they are my colleagues(((((((((((((
| Details77 |
| Rating: 1 / -5 PM mention |
quote: why is there such an opinion that designers at factories are complete idiots, and they are my colleagues(((((((((((((
| Alexander 63 |
| Rating: 5 / -8 PM mention |
| Ziban |
| Rating: 0 / 0 PM mention |
| rokVieM |
| Rating: 6 / -2 PM mention |
| TAPAKAH |
| Rating: 0 / -1 PM mention |
| Belomor |
| Rating: 2 / 0 PM mention |
| rokVieM |
| Rating: 6 / -2 PM mention |
quote: Originally posted by TAPAKAH:
where and how much did you buy the master, where is the baker sold?
Which thermostat is better?
The choice of thermostat is a purely personal matter for everyone, which depends on the thickness of the owner’s wallet. The most popular thermostats are thermostats of the “LUZAR” brand; this company has proven itself well in the market for its price-quality ratio.
In addition, the Luzar company has a thermostat with an opening temperature of 92°C, which has a rather positive effect on warming up the interior in the cold season. Many Kalina owners install this thermostat in the winter.
Bottom line
Now we check whether we did everything correctly and how the new thermostat works. We start the engine and let it warm up to operating temperature. We touch the lower pipe, determining its temperature. If it is hot, then the thermostat is working as it should.
Do not forget to check the tightness of the connections between the pipes and the thermostat housing.
Sources
- https://expertVAZ.ru/lada-kalina/zamena-termostata.html
- https://enginehack.ru/termostat-kaliny/
- https://LadaKalina.club/service/zamena-termostata-avtomobilya-lada-kalina
- https://mylada.net/remont/zamena-termostata-kalina.html
- https://vaz.today/zamena-termostata-lada-kalina
- https://vaz-remont.ru/samostoyatelnaya-zamena-termostata-lada-kalina-poshagovaya-instrukciya/
