Mechanical speedometer does not work, causes of malfunction

Replacement

Replacing the VAZ-2109 thermostat is very simple. To do this you need:

• Allow the engine to cool completely.
• Drain the antifreeze through the drain window at the bottom of the radiator.
• Using a screwdriver, loosen all 4 clamps holding the pipes.
• Remove the thermostat.
• Install the new part by securing all 4 clamps and adding coolant to the radiator.

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After adding fluid, you must start the engine without closing the cap of the expansion tank. This will allow all the air to leave the cooling system.

There are many types of thermostats on the market. The most suitable for the VAZ-2109 is the thermostat from 2110 with an 8-valve engine. It is slightly smaller than the original “nine”, it can be disassembled and only the valve mechanism can be replaced. This unit will not require any modifications or corrections. The thermostat from the VAZ-2110 is more reliable and practical. After installing it, the car interior heats up faster, and general engine warm-up is carried out in a shorter period of time.

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If the speedometer needle starts jumping on a VAZ 2109, this indicates that a problem has arisen. As a result, the device will produce incorrect data, due to which the driver may exceed the speed limit without knowing it, and this can lead to not only a fine, but also other troubles. Therefore, the problem must be solved immediately after it is discovered.

Device structure, its purpose and principle of operation

Before troubleshooting, you need to understand the structure and operating principle of the device. The speedometer drive is a set of mechanisms whose task is to display vehicle speed data on the dashboard.

The VAZ 2109 drive is of a mechanical type, consisting of a drive gear and a driven gear, a cable. Gears are attached to the other gearbox shaft. While driving, the shaft rotates, imparts torque to the gears, they transmit it to a cable, which is connected to an arrow in the speedometer on the dashboard, indicating the current information on the dial. The length of the cable depends on the installed dashboard. On the VAZ model in question, it can be high or low. When purchasing a new product, you should pay attention to this.

If the arrow stands still, jerks or rotates as necessary, then something is faulty in the mechanism. The following breakdowns are possible:

• related to speed readings on the panel;
• damage or rupture of the cable;
• drive failure.

What should you do to detect problems?

In order to diagnose a malfunction in the speedometer, you need to place the car on an elevated platform (overpass, inspection hole, lift). You can raise the car by placing it on reliable supports, for example, made of wooden blocks. It is important that the bottom of the car is accessible. Next, unscrew the nut securing the device cable.

An assistant will be required to carry out the diagnosis. From below, one person twists the disconnected speedometer cable, turning it to the right and then to the left. The other one is in the cockpit watching the instruments. If the arrow moves noticeably, then the cable is intact, the problem is in the drive. Although the reason for the twitching arrow may be the flexible shaft, if it is frayed and the braid touches it.

To check the drive, it must be removed. To do this, the cross member used to secure the gearbox is released. Then, using a flat-head screwdriver, pry off the drive frame. Taking the box to the side, remove the drive and perform diagnostics.

First, rotate the gear to check the rotation of the speedometer cable socket. If there is no rotation, then the drive must be replaced.

To avoid mistakes when purchasing a new device, it is advisable to take a broken drive as an example, since the number of teeth on the gear may not match. If you install a gear with the wrong number of teeth, it is possible that the drive will pull out once it starts moving, causing serious damage to the transmission. For future use, you will have to change the cover on the back and update the lubricant.

Speedometer drive repair

To replace an O-ring that has begun to leak oil, or to replace the housing, it will have to be dismantled. There is no need to remove the gearbox for this. The car is placed on a lift or other device. The process includes the following steps:

• Use a socket wrench to unscrew the bolt holding the drive housing.

• Next, use a flat screwdriver to pry up the housing and remove the drive.
• At the next step, the driven gear is dismantled and inspected, since it is plastic, defects are possible. If there are signs of wear, deformed or “licked” teeth, it must be replaced.

• The sealing rubber is inspected. We change it if it is worn out.
• You should also inspect the condition of the seat where the cable tip is located. It should not contain worn out components or chips, otherwise the gear must be replaced.
• During the inspection, you need to carefully inspect the area in the gearbox housing where the drive is installed. If oil leaks are detected, it is necessary to replace the drive seal rings located on the housing.
• First, when replacing the ring, the driven gear is removed, and then the seal is pushed out.
• Then, all parts must be washed in kerosene and installed in place.

Removal and repair takes no more than half an hour.

Cable replacement process

A common cause of problems with the speedometer is a faulty cable (flexible shaft). The replacement process is simple: you need to carry out the following operations:

1. Going down under the car, located on a hill, we find a cable on the engine side. We move the protective cover up and remove the nut, dismantle the cable from the speedometer.
2. We inspect the connection point with the drive. The inlet hole and the end of the cable are square. In case of licked edges, the cable remains at rest during rotation. Buying a new shaft will solve the problem.
3. To ensure that rotation is accurately transmitted to the speedometer, we install a thin gasket at the entrance of the flexible shaft. It can be cut from a plastic bottle.
4. To replace the flexible shaft, you need to remove the instrument set from the panel. In the case of a high-mounted tidy, first remove the trim, and then the fastenings of the instrument unit. If the panel is low, then unscrew the two bolts and, squeezing the fasteners with your fingers, remove the visor.
5. Now we dismantle the instrument unit.
6. Then unscrew the nut of the flexible shaft and remove it through the motor compartment. You should remember how it goes in order to install the new one correctly.
7. Next we stretch a new flexible shaft. We insert a plug into the compartment partition, lubricating it with Litol so that it fits in easier.
8. After removing the instrument cluster, you can replace the speedometer if necessary.
9. When all replacements have been completed, the devices are installed in place.

After replacing the cable, we check the operation of the speedometer.

Additional repair details

Another reason for a non-functioning drive is wear on the driven and drive gears. To replace them, you do not need to remove the gearbox. You should go under the car and unscrew the bolt securing the drive to the gearbox. Next, the housing and gears are removed. When purchasing new gears, you need to pay attention to the number of teeth. Their number should correspond to the old ones. The parts are assembled in reverse order.

If the numbers on the panel are askew, and over time the sensors stop turning or burn out, these problems can be solved by removing the instrument panel and troubleshooting.

How to check the speedometer shaft?

Usually, to check the functionality of the shaft, it is enough to drive a couple of tens of meters. Start the engine and drive 20–30 meters and observe the behavior of the end of the shaft. If the tip is motionless, you need to lift the hood cover, unscrew the nut that secures the shaft. If only the shell of the part gives in, then this will indicate only one thing - a shaft break has occurred. In this case, you will have to remove the remaining tip from the drive. For this job you will need pliers.

Another development of events is also possible if both the shaft and the shell fail, and this will indicate that there are simply no edges at the tip of the shaft. Regardless of the reason for the shaft failure, it will have to be replaced.

Often the need to change the drive arises due to wear of paired gears. In order to solve this problem, you do not have to remove the gearbox. To solve the problem, it is enough to have an inspection hole or overpass.

The first step is to unscrew the bolt that secures the drive housing to the gearbox. After this, the housing is removed, then the gears. The latter must be replaced. In order to choose the gears that are suitable for your car, just compare the new ones with the old ones, the number of teeth should be the same.

If there is oil on the housing, it would be a good idea to check the O-ring and replace it if necessary. The drive elements are washed using clean kerosene.

The order of assembling the unit is reverse.

Functions

It is incorrect to assume that the DS serves solely to transmit information regarding the current speed of the vehicle. In fact, this device has several tasks.

1. Transferring information to the dashboard, namely the speedometer, about the speed of the car.
2. Supports optimal functioning of the idle air control.
3. Transferring data to the electronic control unit in order to maintain optimal speed depending on the travel mode.

The DS is connected to the speedometer and controller using a mounting block located in the engine compartment. And inside the car, directly on the heater fan relay, there is a sensor fuse.

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Errors and symptoms

If the device starts to work incorrectly or breaks down, you should pay attention to the on-board computer screen. Diagnostics of errors will determine that the DS has stopped functioning properly and measures should be taken to eliminate the breakdown

If these error codes appear on the dashboard, you should definitely inspect the electrical circuit for oxidation or damage to the integrity of the contacts. Often it is because of this that the DS stops transmitting information.

But there are other signs by which you can determine that the DS is out of order:

• On the dashboard, the speedometer shows incorrect speed data or the needle does not move at all;
• With a slight acceleration, the speed floats, the engine switches off on its own;
• Fuel consumption increases;
• Engine power is noticeably reduced.

These signs may be signals of problems with other systems. But if you find one of the characteristic signs of a DS failure, plus one of two error codes appears on the on-board computer, then the problem lies precisely in the speed sensor.

Functionality check

Do not rush to replace the device until you are sure that the faulty sensor is the culprit of the problem.

The check is performed in several ways. Decide for yourself which one you prefer.

Checking the operation of the DS

Before doing this, be sure to check the condition of the wiring and contacts. If they are oxidized or rusted, or there are breaks in the circuit, then the DS itself may well be operational. You just need to return the wiring and contacts to a functional state. If the check shows that everything is intact and there are no problems with the contacts, then diagnose the speed sensor.

1. If you don’t want to remove the DS, then place the car on a level surface, secure it with blocks and lift the left front wheel with a jack. Connect the voltmeter to the contacts of the sensor and begin to rotate the wheel with your hands. At the same time, look at the voltmeter data. If the voltage increases with frequency in proportion to the increase in wheel speed, the DS operates normally.
2. Another method also does not require removing the measuring device. But for this you will need a test lamp. Use a jack to lift the left front wheel and connect the test lamp to the DC contacts. After this, manually rotate the wheel. If the lamp lights up, the sensor is working well.
3. The third method involves dismantling the sensor and then checking the input and output voltage. The device for measuring the indicators will be a voltmeter.
4. The fourth method is actively used by those who prefer to repair their car with their own hands. Here you have to check the sensor drive. To do this, lift the wheel using a jack and remove the sensor. Feel for the DS drive, and then begin to rotate the wheel. You can feel with your fingers that the drive rotates. If there are no jams, everything rotates evenly, then the drive is in good condition.

If a malfunction of the DS is detected, the only correct solution is to remove it and replace it with a new sensor.

Having determined that your DS has already served its purpose, you can begin the replacement procedure.

Procedure

Now let's figure out how to remove the drive when the speedometer on a VAZ 2109 does not work:

• To do this, release the cross member that secures the gearbox to the body, give back the nut that secures the drive
• Pry off the drive housing with a flat screwdriver (as in the photo below)
• By pressing the gearbox to the side (for example, with a piece of pipe) from the drive, we pull the drive out of it
• Then we check its serviceability
• To do this, twist the gear and see whether the groove for the speedometer cable begins to turn or not
• If the groove does not turn, then replace the speedometer drive
• When going to the store for a new drive, it’s better to take the old one with you as a sample just in case (you can confuse the number of teeth on its gear)
• And if you install a “foreign” (not the one you need) drive, then in no more than 100 meters it will break the box cover, because a mismatched gear pitch will simply turn the entire drive outward and result in serious damage to the gearbox
• To be able to use this gearbox in the future, it will be necessary to replace its rear cover and completely change the oil
• If the old one suddenly pours out, there will still be fragments and crumbs of the housing left in it, which can subsequently fall on a gear tooth or clog the oil channel

Now that you know how to determine what the reason is if the speedometer needle suddenly starts jumping and fix it with your own hands.

Drive repair

We only considered replacing the drive, if the speedometer does not work in the VAZ 21093, sometimes this is easier and cheaper to do:

• The speedometer drive is removed, as a rule, to replace its housing, or the sealing ring from under which lubricant flows, or the drive gear itself
• It can be removed without dismantling the gearbox assembly; for this purpose it is better to drive the car onto an overpass, inspection hole or lift

The repair procedure will look like this:

Using a socket wrench, unscrew the bolt that secures the drive housing, pry it off with a screwdriver, then remove it

Unscrew the drive nut, remove it, then pry off the housing with a flat screwdriver and remove the drive

Now we can remove the driven gear. This gear is made of plastic, so it is important to carefully inspect it and if you find signs of wear, replace it immediately

We inspect the condition of the rubber seal (shown by the arrow), then remove and inspect the plastic gear

In addition, it is important to pay attention to the condition of the mounting socket, where the tip of the flexible rod (cable) of the speedometer enters. The socket should not have licked corners or be broken, otherwise such defects will be the reason for replacing the gear. It is also worth paying attention to the condition of the box body in that place , where our drive is installed. If traces of lubricant leaks are visible, then it will be necessary to replace the rubber ring of the drive seal, which is located on its body. To remove it, you will need to remove the driven gear, then push the sealing ring out of the groove. All parts are then washed in clean kerosene

Of course, no one has canceled the service station services, if you are too lazy to tinker, although tinkering is probably not an applicable expression here (it only takes 10-20 minutes), and the price of their services suits you, then decide for yourself.

Replacing the cable

Almost everywhere, car owners are faced with the problem of speedometer failure, which is often caused by a faulty cable. To replace the cable, it is not at all necessary to go to a car service center, because you can easily cope with this task yourself, our instructions will help with this. So:

Go down the car (on a pit or overpass), then you need to unscrew the cable from the drive of your speedometer, located on the side of the engine compartment, move the rubber cover up, and unscrew the nut on the cable. After that, disconnect the cable. To disconnect the cable from the speedometer, you must first remove the instrument panel from dashboard In this case, if your car has a low dashboard, then unscrew two bolts and carefully remove the visor, squeezing the spring-loaded clamps with your fingers. Then you can remove the instrument cluster. If the car has a high dashboard, then first you will need to remove the trim, then unscrew the unit instruments Then you should unscrew the cable nut from the speedometer from the back side, and pull out the old cable through the engine compartment, remember how it went through. Because the next step you will have is laying (pulling) the new cable. Inserting the plug into the compartment bulkhead will be much easier , if you pre-lubricate it with oil, for example Litol

Peculiarities

The speed counting system of the 09–99 family has several design features. They are connected to the dashboard of these cars. Over the years, manufacturers equipped these models with 3 types of panels. It is especially important to understand their nuances. The choice of components when replacing faulty parts depends on them.

Low

This dashboard was the first modification. One of its features is the absence of a tachometer. As for the speedometer, its system is completely mechanical. It works due to transmission rotation from a mechanical drive, through a flexible shaft to the speedometer itself.

Cars with a low panel were equipped with flexible shafts (cables) 80 centimeters long. The drive gear is also different. It has 8 teeth, which is 4 less than the tall panels. The correct calculation of the speed of movement depends on the number of teeth on the gear.

High

The high panel replaced the low one. The main difference is the absence of a voltmeter and the presence of a tachometer.

The speedometer system remains the same - mechanical. The difference from cars with a low panel is the length of the speedometer cable, it is 1 meter. It also uses a longer drive rod and changes the number of teeth from 8 to 12. This is a significant difference.

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This panel is already equipped with injection models of the VAZ-2109. Its peculiarity is the complete absence of mechanical drives. The speedometer system is also modernized. Now the mechanical drive has been replaced by a magnetic sensor, a flexible shaft, electrical wires, and the drive of the speedometer itself has become electronic. Complete difference from carburetor models. The work is carried out without gear rotations, which has significantly reduced the percentage of errors in calculations.

Before you figure out why the speedometer does not work, you need to understand the principle of its operation on cars with different layouts.

The device and principle of operation of the speedometer

The speedometer drive is a set of mechanisms designed to transmit information about the speed of the car to the speedometer dial. On the VAZ 2109, this drive is made in the form of two gears (driven and driven), which are mounted on the secondary shaft of the gearbox, as well as a flexible shaft.

When the secondary shaft rotates (the car begins to move), the drive gears receive torque and transmit it to the flexible shaft, which, in turn, being connected to the speedometer needle, causes it to show the necessary information on the dial.

Depending on the vehicle modification, the flexible shaft may have different lengths. This is due to the fact that the first “nines” had a low-mounted torpedo, which means the shaft was shorter. Only the latest car releases that underwent modernization received a torpedo with a higher location, which forced designers to produce a longer flexible shaft.

Where is the VAZ-2109 speed sensor located and faulty?

Why do we need a speed sensor on the VAZ-2109? Let's figure it out. This device is responsible for the correct display of data on our speedometer and tachometer. He does this by transmitting electronic impulses to the electrical control unit. But due to long-term operation and significant load on the speed sensor itself of the VAZ-2109 car (more than 6 thousand pulses are transmitted to the control unit per 1 km), an error occurs during data transfer. Then car owners have questions: how to check the speed sensor? How to change it correctly?

Why did the speedometer on the VAZ 21099 stop working?

VAZ 21099 is a very popular car in Russia. The reliability of this car, as everyone knows, leaves much to be desired, so car owners quite often encounter malfunctions of their VAZ 21099. All the problems of this car have long been studied and described. It often happens that malfunctions occur in the car’s speedometer.

Due to problems with speed detection, you may receive tickets for exceeding speed limits, or you may experience problems with shifting gears if you are a novice driver or are accustomed to determining when to change gears using the speedometer. In this article, we will study the causes of the problem and find out how to repair the speedometer.

Types of breakdowns

There are several reasons why the speedometer may stop working effectively. Let's look at them in our table.

Type of failure

Remedy

This type of malfunction is the least serious. But because of this, the arrow falls down or jumps. To eliminate the breakdown, clean the contacts from accumulated dirt

The malfunction can be determined by a falling or jumping arrow after starting the engine. But it does not always appear visually. To determine chafing, the wiring is tested using a tester.

The sensor fails to work

The most effective way to check is to remove the old speed sensor and replace it with a new one. If the speedometer works after this, the reason is obvious. The sensor breaks due to a violation of the seal of the housing, as a result of which moisture and dirt penetrate inside

Problem with connectors

The connectors in the top ten are located in such a way that they are constantly exposed to dirt. This may cause the arrow to jump or fall down. The only measure is to check and clean the connectors

A worn shaft is not a rare cause of speedometer failure. This problem can be called the most common when the speedometer needle is jumping. Shaft replacement will be required

Don't rush into buying a new replacement device. First, check the old speedometer for possible malfunctions, try methods for eliminating them.

Replacement nuances

Everyone knows the location of the speedometer - it is the main part of the dashboard, one of two large indicators, located next to the tachometer.

Dismantling the shield

Unfortunately, the peculiarity of repairing the speedometer on a 10 is such that it is almost impossible to purchase spare parts for this unit. Therefore, the only solution is to replace the entire shield.

The only advantage of replacing the speedometer shield is the ability to rewind the mileage traveled. So the cost of repairs can be partially offset by the fact that your odometer will show significantly less mileage than the actual mileage. And this can be used profitably when selling a car.

Replacing DS

After the diagnostics have been carried out, you find that the needle falls or constantly jumps from top to bottom due to a non-working speed sensor, then this problem can be solved with your own hands.

Removing the speed sensor

You will need special keys for this work. It is recommended to replace the speed sensor on the power unit:

• Disconnect the negative terminal from the battery;
• Remove the contact chips;
• Using a key, remove the problematic speed sensor;
• If the rod fails, you will have to dismantle the drive. Do this work very carefully and consistently.

If the abnormal behavior of the speedometer needle has led you to the need to change the entire speedometer assembly with the shield, we strongly do not recommend doing such work yourself. Only having extensive experience, a wealth of knowledge and skills gives you the opportunity to carry out such manipulations.

How to repair the speedometer drive

Now we will talk in more detail about dismantling and repairing the drive. It often needs to be repaired if the O-ring begins to leak oil. To repair this unit, follow the instructions:

1. Using a socket wrench, unscrew the bolt holding the speedometer drive housing.
2. Then pry it up with a screwdriver and remove the drive.
3. Inspect the driven gear; it is made of plastic and may show signs of wear. In this case, it is best to replace the part.
4. Check the rubber seal. If signs of wear are visible on it, replace it.
5. Then evaluate the quality of the seat for the cable end. It should also not be worn or damaged.
6. Look at the drive mounting location on the gearbox; if there are oil leaks there, the O-rings must be replaced. They are located on the body.
7. If you decide to replace these rings, you will need to first remove the driven gear and then push out the seal.
8. Soak these parts in kerosene. If they are not worn out, replace them. Also wipe the remaining parts with kerosene and put them in place.

The total time for repair and dismantling of this VAZ-2109 unit will take about 30 minutes.

How does the speedometer work?

The VAZ-2109 has a speedometer with a mechanical drive, consisting of a cable and two gears. Torque is transmitted from the transmission shaft to the gears and then to a cable connected to a dial on the dashboard.

If this mechanism stops working, then the following breakdown options are possible:

The most common reason for speedometer failure is chafing of the cable leading from the gears to the needle. To replace this part, you must purchase it correctly. You need to focus on the height of the dashboard. If it is high, the cable should be longer.

Purpose of the speedometer and possible causes of problems

Before you figure out why the speedometer needle jumps on a VAZ 2109, you should understand what is where and what it is intended for. Speedometers are designed to convert the rotational speed coming from the drive shaft to the speedometer sensor into an indication of the speed of the vehicle and, in addition, the number of revolutions that the speedometer sensor drive shaft makes are converted into readings of the trip meter (kilometers) traveled by the car. But when the speedometer needle jumps or even spins as it wants, or may even freeze in one position, it means that there are problems with the speedometer mechanisms and there may be several reasons for this. This:

• A breakdown inside the speedometer itself (see VAZ 2109: how to properly repair the speedometer)
• Broken or damaged speedometer cable
• The speedometer gearbox (aka drive) is broken

Diagnosing the malfunction

It is important to first understand why the VAZ 2109 speedometer does not work:

• To find the reason, we climb under the car from an inspection hole, overpass or lift
• If you don’t have any, you can get by this way - just slightly lift the car, put a reliable safety net (thick wide wooden blocks - you can’t use bricks), then unscrew the nut securing the speedometer cable
• We call an assistant and with his help we check the serviceability of the speedometer and its cable
• While you are turning the speedometer cable from below with your hand (having disconnected it from the drive) in one direction and then the other, an assistant in the cabin monitors the arrow - if at the same time the speedometer arrow jumps, then the cable and speedometer are working, and you should check the drive
• However, there are cases, even though the arrow jumps, there may still be a problem in the cable, it has fluffed up inside the braid and sometimes touches it

Mechanical speedometer

There are significantly fewer problems with this system and the methods for eliminating them are simpler. Symptoms of problems are as follows:

1. The arrow works with jitter, jumps or does not work at all.
2. The noise of a flexible shaft can be heard in the cabin.
3. The arrow does not rise above a certain level.

All these symptoms require a thorough check.

Examination

It is easiest to start diagnosing the mechanical system of the VAZ-2109 speedometer with the drive. To do this you need:

1. Unscrew the drive from the manual transmission housing.
2. Inspect the gear on the rod. If its teeth are broken or worn out, the drive will have to be replaced with an analogue.
3. If the teeth are in order, then you need to unscrew the nut holding the cable. Next, the tip of the flexible shaft and its seat in the drive are visually inspected. The tip should be square, as should the drive recess. If worn edges of the cable or drive are noticeable, the parts require replacement.

4. The absence of wear on the cable and the deepening of the drive will require checking the integrity of the flexible shaft. To do this, you need to pull it using pliers. If the cable comes out of the guide casing, it means that it is broken and requires replacement. An intact cable can also cause a malfunction. Its steel wires break off and cling to the walls of the casing. The presence of such damage is also considered a reason for replacement.

The absence of a cable break will indicate a malfunction in the instrument panel itself. It will have to be dismantled in order to check the sections of the flexible shaft and its seat.

A common cause of intermittent failure is the cable getting stuck in the casing. It's all due to the hardening of the lubricant. Before installing a new cable, it must be lubricated with a compound with a solidification temperature threshold of at least −20 degrees. The lubricant also hardens due to prolonged vehicle inactivity. Dust and dirt mix with the lubricant, which leads to disruption of its composition.

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Installing a speedometer on a VAZ 2109 car

The purpose of the speedometer is to inform the driver about distance and speed. It also defines the composition of its units - a counter showing the mileage of the car, called the odometer, and the speed - the speedometer itself. A broken speedometer is a very unpleasant breakdown. Traffic cops can be penalized for speeding and difficulty changing gears correctly, especially around corners. Repair of the VAZ 2109 speedometer is carried out independently.

Symptoms of speedometer defects:

• The numbers don't exactly hit the shelf, but eventually they stop working.
• The speedometer begins to display the wrong vehicle speed.
• Sensors burn out.

To repair the VAZ 2109 speedometer, you need to remove the front panel:

• Unscrew the beard. To do this, tighten two screws on one of the panels.
• The top panel releases three clips and turns off the side lights, hazard lights and low beams.
• The radio is removed, the cigarette lighter is turned off.
• Unscrew the two screws securing the panel and the speedometer cable. Three gaskets removed and panel removed.
• The screws holding the speedometer unit are loose.

If you have exceeded the speedometer, you must do the following:

• Slide the pointer over the stop.
• Tape a piece of construction tape to the bottom of the scale.
• The marker is placed at the top of the arrow.
• Using a ruler, the distance on the device is measured from zero to 10 km per hour. Its value is 0.7 mm.
• The required distance on the adhesive tape from the previously placed mark is measured and the mark is placed again.
• The speedometer needle is removed and installed so that its lower position drops to the second mark.

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If the speedometer needle starts jumping on a VAZ 2109, this indicates that a problem has arisen. As a result, the device will produce incorrect data, due to which the driver may exceed the speed limit without knowing it, and this can lead to not only a fine, but also other troubles. Therefore, the problem must be solved immediately after it is discovered.

Device structure, its purpose and principle of operation

Before troubleshooting, you need to understand the structure and operating principle of the device. The speedometer drive is a set of mechanisms whose task is to display vehicle speed data on the dashboard.

The VAZ 2109 drive is of a mechanical type, consisting of a drive gear and a driven gear, a cable. Gears are attached to the other gearbox shaft. While driving, the shaft rotates, imparts torque to the gears, they transmit it to a cable, which is connected to an arrow in the speedometer on the dashboard, indicating the current information on the dial. The length of the cable depends on the installed dashboard. On the VAZ model in question, it can be high or low. When purchasing a new product, you should pay attention to this.

If the arrow stands still, jerks or rotates as necessary, then something is faulty in the mechanism. The following breakdowns are possible:

• related to speed readings on the panel;
• damage or rupture of the cable;
• drive failure.

What should you do to detect problems?

In order to diagnose a malfunction in the speedometer, you need to place the car on an elevated platform (overpass, inspection hole, lift). You can raise the car by placing it on reliable supports, for example, made of wooden blocks. It is important that the bottom of the car is accessible. Next, unscrew the nut securing the device cable.

An assistant will be required to carry out the diagnosis. From below, one person twists the disconnected speedometer cable, turning it to the right and then to the left. The other one is in the cockpit watching the instruments. If the arrow moves noticeably, then the cable is intact, the problem is in the drive. Although the reason for the twitching arrow may be the flexible shaft, if it is frayed and the braid touches it.

To check the drive, it must be removed. To do this, the cross member used to secure the gearbox is released. Then, using a flat-head screwdriver, pry off the drive frame. Taking the box to the side, remove the drive and perform diagnostics.

First, rotate the gear to check the rotation of the speedometer cable socket. If there is no rotation, then the drive must be replaced.

To avoid mistakes when purchasing a new device, it is advisable to take a broken drive as an example, since the number of teeth on the gear may not match. If you install a gear with the wrong number of teeth, it is possible that the drive will pull out once it starts moving, causing serious damage to the transmission. For future use, you will have to change the cover on the back and update the lubricant.

How to remove the instrument panel

It's okay if the testing mode does not produce results. On some cars it is not there at all, and therefore there are other ways to repair the speed sensor. Here's one of them: drive the car into the garage, set it to the parking brake. After opening the hood of the car, disconnect the battery from the wire with the minus sign. This will allow you to avoid short-circuiting the on-board network. Now you need to pull out the instrument panel. Remove the trim, and then carefully unscrew the steering wheel. After this, you need to remove the switches that are located under the steering control. Having done the above, you need to unscrew all the self-tapping bolts that hold the instrument panel in place.

Having completed all the above steps, you can remove the dashboard on which the instrument panel is mounted. To do this, you need to grab it by the edges and then pull it slightly in your direction. Now disconnect all the wires attached to the dashboard. But before you disconnect them, label each wire. This is necessary in order to avoid mistakes when putting the entire structure back together. After disconnecting the wires, pull out the dashboard.

The instrument panel is attached to the dashboard with several bolts. Unscrew them to disconnect it. Now you need to remove the glass, which is held in place with glue-sealant. The place that connects the glass and plastic needs to be heated with a hair dryer. After completing these steps, you can easily detach the glass.

If the panel worked before

The check is essentially the same, but you can exclude an error in connecting the wires from the list of possible faults when switching to a new chip.

If you have a VDO device, on our website you can see how to do its self-diagnosis. If not, purchase a “lace” or have it diagnosed at a car service center. Sources of errors can also show which way to dig.

There is a feeling that in your case the problem lies in the speedometer mechanism itself or the tracks on the panel. Disassemble the panel yourself - call the roads, check the mechanism (continuity, check the integrity of the gears in the speedometer drive or other problems - the unit is quite complex, there are many sources of malfunctions) - or take it to a good electrician.

Also on amateur radio forums you can find diagrams of simulators of the speedometer sensor. Assembling this circuit will be useful for checking the operation of the speedometer. Without it, the dashboard will have to be constantly placed on the car and removed back.

The mechanical method of measuring the speed of a car is long gone. Today, this function is taken over by a speed sensor, whose operation is based on the Hall effect.

The sensor transmits pulses (electromagnetic) to the controller, and based on them, the controller calculates at what speed the car is moving at a given moment.

Appearance of the device

How to repair the speedometer drive

Now we will talk in more detail about dismantling and repairing the drive. It often needs to be repaired if the O-ring begins to leak oil. To repair this unit, follow the instructions:

1. Using a socket wrench, unscrew the bolt holding the speedometer drive housing.
2. Then pry it up with a screwdriver and remove the drive.
3. Inspect the driven gear; it is made of plastic and may show signs of wear. In this case, it is best to replace the part.
4. Check the rubber seal. If signs of wear are visible on it, replace it.
5. Then evaluate the quality of the seat for the cable end. It should also not be worn or damaged.
6. Look at the drive mounting location on the gearbox; if there are oil leaks there, the O-rings must be replaced. They are located on the body.
7. If you decide to replace these rings, you will need to first remove the driven gear and then push out the seal.
8. Soak these parts in kerosene. If they are not worn out, replace them. Also wipe the remaining parts with kerosene and put them in place.

The total time for repair and dismantling of this VAZ-2109 unit will take about 30 minutes.

Replacing the speedometer cable

Most car owners may encounter a problem such as a broken speedometer. This is often due to a faulty cable. And to replace the speedometer cable, you don’t need to immediately go to a service station, because the replacement can be easily done with your own hands using detailed instructions.

1. We go down under the car (for example, in a viewing hole or overpass), then unscrew the cable from the drive, which is located on the engine side, and slide the rubber boot up, unscrewing the cable nut.
2. Then we disconnect the cable.
3. In order for you to be able to disconnect the cable from the speedometer, you must first remove the unit from the dashboard.
4. But if your car has a low dashboard, then you should unscrew two bolts and carefully remove the visor, squeezing the spring clips with your fingers.
5. And after all the machinations have been done, we calmly take out all the devices.
6. But in a situation where the panel in the car is placed too high, then you first remove the trim and only then unscrew the “instrument block”.
7. Next, from the rear side, you unscrew the cable nut from the speedometer and pull out the faulty part through the engine compartment, remembering how it passes through it.
8. The next step is to thread a new cable. To do this, insert the plug into the compartment (to simplify the task, lubricate it with oil. For example, “Litol”). Remember! When buying a new cable, you must have the old one with you or know exactly its length. Otherwise, the size will not fit and the new part will be unusable. This is due to the fact that in different cars the dashboards are installed differently and therefore there are longer and shorter cables. It is recommended to be guided by this during purchase and repair!
9. Then we remove the instrument cluster and easily remove the speedometer, replacing it.
10. And finally, we put all the instruments in place, first screwing the cable nut back to the speedometer. We put the panel back and enjoy the work done by hand!

Signs of breakdown

The car itself can tell you that the DS is out of order. To do this, you just need to pay attention to the characteristic signs of such a breakdown:

• The speedometer does not work at all or provides incorrect information about the current speed;
• Idling behavior is unstable;
• Gasoline consumption is increasing;
• The motor does not produce full power.

The practice of VAZ 2109 owners shows that the most obvious sign of a breakdown of the engine is the engine stopping at idle while coasting, or the engine stopping when the clutch is pressed to change speed.

If the engine breaks down, the “Check Engine” light on the dashboard should light up. If the car is equipped with an on-board computer, then the error code corresponding to the malfunction is 24.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=qiDmZLUuTMI

Causes of failure

There are several main reasons why a DS may stop working:

1. There is a break in the electrical circuit. Therefore, first of all, we advise you to check the condition of the wiring and contacts. They could become dirty or oxidized. It's not difficult to clean them. Additionally, we recommend treating contacts with Litol.
2. Break near the connector. Here the wiring often bends and chafing occurs. Don't forget to check the condition of the insulation of the wires that are located near the exhaust manifold. Often they melt under the influence of temperature, which leads to short circuits.
3. The speedometer cable is worn out. Over time, as the vehicle is used, the cable becomes covered with burrs, cracks, and breaks. As a result, the speed sensor stops working properly.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=jsP9uC7EE-Q

Verification methods

The first thing you need to do is make sure that a voltage of 12 V is supplied to the DS contacts. Since the operation of the DS is based on the Hall effect, the test is performed by torsion. The voltage varies within 0.5-10V.

Today, there are three main ways to check the performance of a speed sensor. The first two involve the use of a multimeter. Which one to choose, decide for yourself. We will talk in detail about all three methods of checking DS.

If checking the DS shows that everything is fine with it, be sure to check the functionality of the sensor drive. It is necessary to hang up the front wheel and find the DS drive by touch. Now start rotating the wheel with your foot and check with your hand whether there is rotation in the drive and how stable it is. The help of a partner will not hurt you here.

Electronic speedometer

The reasons why the speedometer of a VAZ-21099 or “09” with an injection power unit does not work differ from mechanical models. The symptoms are as follows:

1. Partial or complete failure of the arrow.
2. Loss of power, dynamics, stable engine speed.
3. Poor engine performance at start and idle.
4. Increased fuel consumption.
5. Error “24” or “Check Engine” icon alert.

The entire list of symptoms directly indicates a lack of consistency in the operation of the speedometer and the engine control unit. Such problems require checking all components of the speed calculation system.

Examination

Diagnostics of the electronic speedometer will require a tester and wires 2 meters long. To check you need:

1. Disconnect the speed sensor power connector.
2. Turn on the ignition.
3. Set the tester to DC voltage measurement mode up to 20 volts.
4. Connect the red measuring probe to pin “1” on the plug.
5. Connect the black measuring cord to pin “3” of the plug.

In this position, the tester should show a voltage of 12 volts or equal to the battery charge. If there is no voltage, then you will have to check the wiring for breaks, short circuits, or oxidation. All connections must be cleaned with solvent, the damaged shell must be insulated, and broken plugs must be replaced with new ones. It is forbidden to directly connect wires without a plug using ordinary twisting. Such connections must be soldered or mounted with special connecting terminals.

Next, the speedometer itself is checked. To do this you need:

1. Connect the control wire to the “+” terminal of the battery.
2. Lightly touch terminal “2” on the speed sensor plug leading to the control unit several times with the other end of the wire. If the wiring is intact, the speedometer should respond to the supply of voltage by moving the needle. This test simulates the supply of impulses from the sensor to the speedometer through the ECU.

Failure to respond will indicate damage to the electronic speedometer drive.

The VAZ-2109 speedometer often does not work due to a breakdown of the electronic drive. Before checking, you need to disconnect the connector from it and clean the contacts on both sides. Next you will need:

1. Raise the front wheels of the car on a jack.
2. Connect the control wire from the “+” terminal of the battery to the “1” terminal.
3. Connect the control wire from the machine ground to the “3” terminal.
4. Switch the tester to DC voltage measurement mode up to 12 volts.
5. Connect the red measuring probe to terminal “2” on the sensor connector.
6. Connect the black test probe to the vehicle ground.
7. Have an assistant turn the raised wheel.

Depending on the speed of rotation of the wheel, the tester should produce values ​​from 0.6 to 12 volts. If the measurement does not show results, then the sensor will have to be replaced with an analogue one.

If voltage values ​​are normal, it is worth continuing testing the speedometer elements. If a previously conducted test of the arrow drive itself did not show any deviations, it is necessary to dismantle the instrument panel. Dismantling is carried out without completely removing the panel. It is enough to unscrew the 2 mounting bolts from below and above the glass. Next, you need to remove the speedometer itself and unscrew the 2 mounting screws from the mount. The initial check is carried out visually. A common problem is burnout or breakage of the electrical tracks of the drive. All faults found must be soldered and oxidation cleaned.

Fuse

The factory does not provide a separate fuse to protect the speedometer. The fuse is located in cell "F1". It is responsible for powering the entire dashboard. A malfunction will be indicated by the complete absence of instrument lighting. To check, you need to remove and visually inspect the fuse. The presence of a broken jumper will indicate its burnout. The test can also be performed using a tester set to dialing mode. Both measuring probes must be connected to the contacts of the protective element. If there is no signal from the multimeter, replace the part with a 10 ampere analogue.

It is also worth checking that there is power at the fuse terminal. To do this you need:

1. Set the multimeter to DC voltage measurement mode.
2. Connect the red test lead to the fuse contact.
3. Connect the black measuring probe to the machine ground.
4. Turn on the ignition.

The presence of a voltage equal to the battery charge will indicate the health of the electrical circuit.

Work technology

Replacing the speedometer cable on a VAZ 21099 with a high and low instrument panel includes the following steps:

• the electrical system is de-energized, for which the battery is removed;
• then the instrument panel is dismantled;
• after ensuring access to the fastening elements, you need to unscrew the fastening nut and remove the slots from the device body;
• for ease of installation, the new cable is attached to the shell of the old one;
• the fastening nut of the drive installed on the gearbox is dismantled;
• the tip is removed from the spline connection;
• the old cable is pulled out of the engine compartment;
• after checking the correct position of the new cable, tighten the union nuts;
• the instrument panel is mounted in the reverse order;
• the battery is connected;
• The functionality of the device is checked.

It is important to consider some aspects when performing such work, for example:

• the cable should be lubricated using greases (Litol, CV joint, CIATIM);
• lubricant must also be applied to the spline joints;
• union nuts are mounted and dismantled using adjustable pliers;
• To prevent damage to the threads, screwing the nuts is done very smoothly, controlling the applied force.

Also, the cause of incorrect speed readings may be a failure of the gear drive. Its drive gear gradually wears down and loses connection with the gearbox. Therefore, before installing the speedometer cable, you should check the condition of this unit. When replacing this unit, you must ensure that the drive is applicable to this vehicle model.

Principle of operation

The operation of the speedometer system on carburetor and injection models is radically different. Let's describe the main differences.

Carburetor models are equipped with a fully mechanical filling. The speedometer drive is installed on the gearbox. The drive has a rod with a gear, which rotates by working together with the manual transmission transmission shaft. This rotation is transmitted to a flexible cable, which rotates the drive on the speedometer itself. There are some errors in this system. Correct counting may be affected by stretching or snagging of the cable.

Injection models are not equipped with a mechanical drive. They have a magnetic drive. Also installed on the gearbox. It works on the principle of a Hall sensor. During the rotation of the secondary shaft in the gearbox, energy is transferred to the sensor, inside of which the rod rotates. The rod rotates the contactor, which converts the rotational energy into electrical impulses. These impulses pass through wires to the on-board computer and, after recalculation, enter the electronic speedometer drive.

The reason for the breakdown of the VAZ 2109 speedometer drive

Since the flexible shaft is the most basic part of the speedometer drive, a common cause of speedometer failure is its breakage. The shaft breaks due to normal wear and tear and must be replaced.

To check the operation of the shaft, the instrument panel is removed, the shell with the shaft is placed on the edge of the inner part of the torpedo, the engine is started and the vehicle is driven at a speed of 20 kilometers per hour. If the shaft does not rotate, then it is broken. If it rotates properly, then the problem lies in the speedometer mechanism itself.

Also, a drive malfunction may be due to wear of the gears, which are attached near the secondary shaft of the gearbox.

Replacing the flexible shaft

If during the inspection process you find out that the problem is in the flexible shaft (cable), then you need to work according to different instructions:

Now you need to check the quality of the speedometer repair again, as during the first diagnosis. If the arrow moves and the mechanism works flawlessly, proceed to break in the car. In injection models, it is additionally worth checking the sensors located under the dashboard. If after repair the speedometer does not work correctly, then they need to be replaced or the contacts leading to them must be cleaned.

Replacing the speed sensor

The speed sensor cannot be repaired, so only its replacement is possible:

1. Use two wrenches 21 and 10.
2. Disconnect the car battery to disconnect the speed sensor from electricity.
3. Disconnect the connector that relates to the speed sensor.
4. Unscrew the sensor itself. Please note that the rod may break. Because of this, then you will also have to unscrew the device drive.
5. Be careful when removing the actuator as there is a chance that a broken rod will get caught in the gearbox.
6. Change the speed sensor and, if the drive is in a faulty state, then that too.
7. The drive rod must be installed in the speed sensor bushing. The rubber seal ring must be treated with oil.

After completing the work, you need to remove the error from the car’s on-board computer that was issued by the control unit. Otherwise, the VAZ 21099 system will perceive the new sensor as faulty.

Domestic cars, as everyone knows, are not famous for their reliability. But fortunately for the owners of cars of the Sputnik family, all the problems that arise with the units have long been studied, and each car owner can cope with them independently. Replacing a flexible shaft, speed sensor or its drive does not pose much difficulty on a VAZ 21099 for any car enthusiast.

Speed ​​sensor VAZ 2109 | Repair VAZ 2108 2109 21099

Carburetor models VAZ 2108 2109 21099 have a mechanical connection between the gearbox and the speedometer: a cable. When the car moves, the cable rotates and turns the gear in the speedometer, from which the speedometer needle deviates and shows the speed of movement. Injection models have an electronic speed sensor, the operating principle of which is based on the Hall effect. The electronic sensor is installed in the same place as the old mechanical cable. The sensor also has a roller that is inserted into the gearbox and, when rotated, rotates the Hall sensor drum. The speed sensor is connected to the electronic engine control unit. When the drive part of the sensor rotates, it begins to send pulses to the control unit. The higher the frequency of the pulses, the higher the speed of the vehicle; the lower the frequency of the supplied pulses, the lower the speed of movement. When moving at a speed of 1 m/s, the sensor sends 6 pulses per second. When driving at a speed of 10 m/s, the sensor sends 60 pulses per second, the ECU processes these pulses, converts them into km/h and displays them on the speedometer.

speed sensor VAZ 2109

Naturally, if non-standard tires are installed on a VAZ 2108 2109 21099, the speed will be displayed incorrectly. For example, if R14 tires are installed, the speedometer will underestimate the readings. If, on the contrary, low-profile R13 tires are installed, then the speedometer will show a speed higher than it actually is. The controller firmware has special conversion factors that must be changed when installing non-standard wheels. Three versions of the speed sensor were installed on the VAZ 2108 2109 21099: - GM, American standard with a round connector and article number 311.3843. — With flat connector and plastic roller. Due to the plastic roller, this sensor is unreliable. — With flat connector and metal shaft, article number 344.3843. This sensor is reliable and it is better to take it. There is also a nuance with the number of pulses per revolution; nine-volt sensors have 6 pulses per revolution, but on sale you can find sensors marked 10 pulses per revolution.

If the speed sensor fails, the CHECK light should light up. But this does not always happen, the fact is that it is difficult for the controller to diagnose the speed sensor, since it is unclear whether the car is driving or standing still. Only in powerful modes, with high air flow from the mass air flow sensor and fuel consumption, the controller can determine a faulty sensor. The cost of a speed sensor for the ninth family is 300-400 rubles.

If problems occur when installing a new panel

A “twitching” needle during ignition indicates that power is coming to the speedometer. Possible problems could be:

• incorrect connection of wires;
• there are breaks in the wiring - check the integrity of each wire separately;
• There are problems in the device itself - burnt out tracks or the speedometer drive.

By the way, the mere fact of replacing the sensor does not yet indicate its performance. VAZ sensors often turn out to be “dead” immediately after purchase. Ideally, ask your friends for a similar sensor that is known to work.

Speed ​​sensor VAZ 2109

The speedometer operating system is quite simple. The speedometer sensor produces a signal. Further along the wiring it is duplicated and simultaneously goes to the ECU and the dashboard. Next, along the tracks on the dashboard board it gets to the speedometer mechanism - the arrow rotates to the desired angle.

The main reasons why the VAZ 2114 speedometer does not work

Let's now look at the main reasons why the speedometer on the VAZ 2114 does not work and see the solution to these problems.

Speedometer sensor VAZ 2114

Unlike older AvtoVAZ models, the VAZ 2114 speedometer is not mechanical, but electronic, whose readings depend on the sensor installed on the car’s gearbox.

It is this electronic device that most often fails, which can be caused by various factors:

• lack of contact on the connector block (for example, due to water getting there);
• break in the wire supplying the sensor;
• lack of current in the supply contact.

Since the VAZ 2114 is equipped with an on-board computer, the first thing you can do is try to detect a breakdown with its help: having turned on the self-diagnosis process, you need to wait until it ends. If the result of the test is the displayed error P0500, it means that the on-board computer does not receive the corresponding signal from the speed sensor.

How to check the speedometer sensor of a VAZ 2114

Speed ​​sensor VAZ 2114

To check the status of the speedometer sensor, you need to do the following:

1. Open the hood of the VAZ-2114.
2. Get rid of the adsorber, it will be more comfortable to work.
3. Determine where the wire to the sensor is located in the CV joint area.
4. Locate the tool located under the throttle assembly.

Finally, you get to the sensor itself. Take a look at what it looks like and check the functionality of the device. What is it?

Look at the stem, it is made of plastic, this material often breaks and deteriorates. Failures also occur with the plastic rod. Pay attention to the plastic drive gear - ideally all the teeth should be in place. If they are cut off, then the sensor’s performance leaves much to be desired.

That is why, even at the stage of absence of breakdowns, service station specialists recommend replacing plastic parts with metal ones.

If the rod and gears are made of metal, the speedometer is unlikely to break soon. When changing the mechanism, take into account the following features: the VAZ-2114 can be equipped with units with different volumes.

Speed ​​sensor VAZ 2114 – faulty

The gears are not the same color. The numerical values ​​of the speedometer drive change in accordance with the different gear ratios of the main combination of pairs. This means that the shade of the gears must match and remain the same.

When checking the device is completed, it will not be superfluous to ring the contacts located in the block - this way you can fix the location of the break in the electrical circuit, then record the voltage of all contacts. In order for testing to be completed effectively, arm yourself with a multimeter, available for sale in car dealerships, to carry out diagnostics, set the operating mode to “voltmeter”. Next, determine the condition of the controller; if you don’t know how, it’s better to contact a specialist.

Wear or breakage of the VAZ 2114 speedometer cable

Speedometer cable VAZ 2114 - is responsible for transmitting speed from the box to the instrument panel of the car’s speedometer. One end of this cable is connected to the drive gearbox, which is located on the gearbox, and the other end is connected to the speedometer mechanism itself, which in turn is located on the instrument panel.

The speedometer cable of the VAZ 2114 is located near the bottom of the gearbox housing and is attached to the gearbox, for clarity, so that you have at least the slightest idea of ​​where the cable is located, look at the photo below in which the arrow indicates the cable:

The speedometer cable is replaced in 2 cases:

• Failure, and therefore the speedometer will not show any values ​​on the instrument panel.
• And also when it is deformed and when the nut that secures it to the gearbox or to the speedometer mechanism breaks.

If you have a nut securing the cable to the gearbox, or to the speedometer, then the speedometer needle will jump sharply when driving!

Replacing the speedometer cable of a VAZ 2114

In order to replace the speedometer cable on a VAZ 2114, you must perform the following procedure:

1. At the beginning of the operation, you will need to remove the instrument panel from the car.
2. Next, using pliers, completely unscrew the nut that secures the cable to the mechanism, and after unscrewing, disconnect the cable.
3. Then move to the bottom of the car, and there, unscrew the nut that secures the cable to the gearbox (it is indicated by the arrow), and after unscrewing the nut, disconnect the cable.
4. Now take the cable in your hands and pull it out of the car.
5. Finally, untie the wire from the nut.

6. Do the entire cable installation in the reverse order of removal.

Mechanical drive VAZ 2114 - checking functionality

Another common reason is the malfunction of the mechanical drive, and in particular, the one that is installed when the car is assembled at the car factory has an unreliable plastic rod on which the drive gear is located. There are cases of breakage of this rod and cutting of teeth on the gear. When replacing them, pay attention to the color of the gears, since the VAZ-2114 is equipped with engines with different displacements and due to different gear ratios of the main pair, the gear ratios of the speedometer drive change. Therefore, the color of these gears must be the same. If the speedometer drive fails, replace it with one that has a metal rod.

You can check the serviceability of the speed sensor by replacing it with a known good one. And in order to find out whether the drive is working, you need to ask a friend to push the car so that it rolls, and see for yourself whether its rod rotates.