Checking the ignition coil and its circuits Lada Kalina VAZ 11173 11183 11193

Lada Kalina 2. IGNITION SYSTEM

Ignition system of VAZ-21126 and VAZ-21127 engines. The ignition system of these engines uses ignition coils that are individual for each cylinder.

Since the system has no moving parts, it requires no maintenance or adjustments.

The ignition system uses spark plugs of the AU17DVRM type or their analogues, given in Appendix 4.

The distribution and moment of spark occurrence in the cylinders is monitored by an electronic control unit (ECU, controller). Sparking occurs sequentially in those cylinders in which the compression stroke ends and the order of their operation is observed accordingly (1-3-4-2). The crankshaft and intake camshaft position sensors supply pulse “reference” signals to the ECU, on the basis of which the controller calculates the firing sequence of the ignition coils. To accurately control the ignition, the controller uses the following information:

– crankshaft rotation speed;

– engine load (mass air flow of the VAZ-21126 engine or vacuum in the intake pipe of the VAZ-21127 engine);

– coolant temperature;

– position of the crankshaft;

– position of the intake camshaft;

Rice. 10.6. Diagram of the ignition system of VAZ-11186 and VAZ-21116:1 engines – battery; 2 – main relay; 3 – ignition switch (lock); 4 – spark plug; 5 – ignition coil; 6 – controller; 7 – crankshaft position sensor; 8 – master disk

Ignition system of VAZ-11186 and VAZ-21116 engines

. The ignition system of these engines has a four-terminal ignition coil 5 (Fig. 10.6). The current in the primary windings of the ignition coils is controlled by a controller that receives information from sensors and uses two powerful transistor valves.

The ignition system does not contain moving parts, so it does not require maintenance and does not need adjustments.

The ignition system uses a spark distribution method called the "idle" spark method. The engine cylinders are combined into pairs 1-4 and 2-3, spark formation occurs simultaneously in two cylinders: in which the compression stroke ends (working spark) and in which the exhaust stroke occurs (idle spark).

Replacing the ignition module with a new one

After checking the wires, no defects were found and it was decided to change the ignition module, since nothing more reasonable came to mind. In order not to waste money, they first decided to remove it from my car and check whether it was the problem. Now, a few technical details for those who will carry out similar operations, I’ll tell you what tools you will need:

Hexagon 5 either regular or in the form of a bit attachment
If you use a bit with a hexagon attachment, then it is most convenient to unscrew it using a ratchet rather than a regular wrench, since there is very little space near the module and it is very inconvenient to unscrew without a ratchet

It is not recommended to remove bolts with a ratchet, as you can damage the tool, and such a thing costs at least 400 rubles (in my case, with a Jonnesway ratchet). It’s not a cheap pleasure, but you can’t live without it.

First of all, we remove the wires from the spark plugs, and you can also immediately remove them from the module itself, then disconnect the power plug that goes to the module. It sits on a latch, which works very simply, we just click on it and pull it towards ourselves. After this, you can begin to unscrew the bolts securing the ignition module on our Grant.

Then we remove the faulty module and put a new one in its place, and do not forget to put on the wires in accordance with the cylinder numbers, which are indicated on the ignition unit housing. And one more piece of advice, it is better to disconnect the battery while performing data work, in order to avoid troubles with the electrical wiring.

As it turned out later, the malfunction was precisely in the module, since after installation from my car, everything became normal and no more breakdowns in the engine were observed. We bought him a new one and installed it in literally half an hour without any technicians or service!

Removing the timing belt

You will need: remove the generator belt, the right wheel and the plastic shield of the engine compartment, prepare a “10”, “17” key, a “19” socket, and a screwdriver.

Remove the plastic engine cover.
Remove the timing drive protective cover by unscrewing the three fastening bolts.
Timing diagram.

Set the piston of the first cylinder to the top dead center position:

Turn the crankshaft clockwise by the bolt until the mark on the toothed pulley aligns with the antennae on the rear timing cover.
Remove the window plug at the top of the clutch housing and make sure that the mark is not located opposite the scale slot.
Secure the crankshaft from turning by inserting a screwdriver through the window between the flywheel teeth.

Remove the bolt securing the generator drive pulley while holding the screwdriver. Remove the generator drive pulley.
Loosen the tension roller nut. Remove the timing belt by turning the pulley so that the belt is loosened as much as possible.
Remove the tension roller by unscrewing the nut securing it.

Have you noticed that the timing belt is eating or slipping? The reason may be a defective belt, rollers, or a pin that is overtightened.

How to check the serviceability of the ignition coil?

Malfunctions of the ignition module lead to unstable engine operation and the inability to start the car. The module's task is to generate high-voltage pulses and transmit them to the spark plug (SZ). The plus of the unit receives + 12V power from the on-board network, the minus is taken from the car body.

Ignition coil for Lada Kalina

The design of the ignition module for 8 and 16 kL Lada Kalina engines includes two high-voltage transformers (coils) and two control units. One coil is connected to cylinders 1 and 4, and the second to cylinders 2 and 3. The device is connected to the SZ using high-voltage wires.

Transformers are controlled by a controller using powerful transistor valves. It receives a reference signal from the crankshaft position sensor, on the basis of which the firing sequence of the coils in the block is calculated. In addition, the controller uses information about rotation speed, coolant temperature, power unit load (mass air flow), crankshaft position and the presence of detonation. The system has no moving parts, so it does not require maintenance or adjustment.

The peculiarity of the device is that it uses a spark distribution method, which is called the “idle” spark method. The cylinders are divided into pairs. A spark is produced in each cylinder of the cylinders.

One group of spark plugs receives a spark at the moment of maximum compression of the fuel assembly (working spark), and the second at the moment of release (idle spark). Moreover, in the first case, the spark plugs are connected to the 1st and 4th cylinders, and in the second - to the 2nd and 3rd. The current in the windings of transformers constantly flows in one direction, so when sparking, the current for one spark plug flows from the side electrode to the central one, and for the second - from the central to the side.

Main signs of device malfunction:

reduction in engine power;
engine operation intermittently;
intermittent idling;
incorrect operation of paired cylinders.

If the above symptoms appear, you need to check the unit for serviceability. The cause of misfire may be the spark plugs themselves (video author - In Sandro's garage).

Before checking the operation of the unit, you should check the reliability of the connection of the high-voltage wires and the serviceability of the spark plugs. To check the motor coil of 8 or 16 cells you will need a multimeter.

Tester for verification

Diagnostics is carried out in several stages. First of all, the winding is shorted to ground. The multimeter must be set to check the resistance so that it works like an ohmmeter. Next, the negative probe of the tester is connected to ground - the metal part of the device body (red arrow in the photo), and the second positive probe is connected to the central contact of the transformer (blue arrow in the photo). If the resistance tends to infinity, this means that there is no short circuit and the device is working.

Checking winding short circuit

At the second stage, the primary control circuits of the coil are checked. First you need to connect the ohmmeter probes to the leftmost and rightmost terminals of the module. If the readings on the device remain the same, then there is an open circuit in the circuit. In this case, the coil needs to be replaced.

Checking the extreme conclusions

The third diagnostic stage is checking the secondary windings of the module. To check, the tester probes must be connected to the paired high-voltage terminals of the coil. First to the terminals of cylinders 2 and 3, and then cylinders 1-4, both on an engine with 16 cells and 8 cells. If the device is working properly, the ohmmeter will show a resistance of about 4 ohms, but it should not show infinity.

Checking secondary windings

Engine VAZ 21114

This power unit is an injection gasoline engine with a displacement of 1600 cm3. This is a modernized version of the VAZ 2111 engine. The cylinder block is cast from cast iron, four cylinders are located in one row. The valve train of this engine has eight valves. The injector made it possible to significantly improve the car’s dynamics and fuel economy. Its parameters comply with Euro-2 standards. The valve mechanism drive uses a toothed belt, which somewhat reduced the cost of the power unit, but requires high-quality, timely maintenance of the timing drive. The design of the piston head provides recesses that completely eliminate the possibility of damage to the valve mechanism if the timing belt is damaged or installed incorrectly. Manufacturers guarantee a motor life of 150 thousand km; in practice, it can be more than 250 thousand km.

Operation in various conditions

Many inexperienced drivers, not understanding the essence of the breakdown, decide that an expensive replacement of the ignition switch or the wiring as a whole is necessary. Experienced drivers advise not to rush to conclusions. If, due to various circumstances, the ignition coil fails, the corresponding indicator lights up on the dashboard. The first thing the driver should do in such a situation is to drive the car into the garage and open the hood.

Often spark plugs fail due to a power surge or short circuit. As a result, the spark does not travel properly throughout the system. A number of other circumstances can cause a similar problem:

the car was damaged in an accident;
replacement of spark plugs may be required after lightning strikes the car;
poor-quality previous repairs;
use of non-original spare parts;
failure to comply with technical inspection deadlines at the service center.

Regardless of the reason, the ignition circuit needs a full analysis. Often the problem is complex. That is why, if the driver does not have enough technical experience, the first decision that comes to mind should not be accepted as the only correct one.

How to check the serviceability of the ignition coil?

Ignition coil for Lada Kalina

Main signs of device malfunction:

reduction in engine power;
engine operation intermittently;
intermittent idling;
incorrect operation of paired cylinders.

If the above symptoms appear, you need to check the unit for serviceability. The cause of misfire may be the spark plugs themselves (video author - In Sandro's garage).

Tester for verification

Checking winding short circuit

Checking the extreme conclusions

Checking secondary windings

How to replace the ignition module on a VAZ 1117-VAZ 1119?

Note! We want to tell you right away, remember once and for all, if you go to a car store to buy new spare parts, be sure to look at the markings on the old ones and according to it and buy new parts, for greater clarity, first find the module where it is installed in you (Where the module is installed in Kaliny was shown above in the photo), after finding it, look at the marking on the module body (indicated by a red arrow) and write it down on a piece of paper and give it to the seller in the store before purchasing the part, if you install any other module, then the same engine operation will not guaranteed since they are all different for VAZ cars!

Removal: 1) At the very beginning of the operation, disconnect the minus terminal from the battery terminal, this is done in order to protect yourself from the module, since it produces a very huge current (Around 25,000-35,000 volts) so you need to take all precautions (It produces this current, only if you start the car), and if you don’t already know how to remove the terminal, you can read the detailed instructions about this, and it’s called: “Replacing the battery on a VAZ”, read the first point in it. 2) Then, when everything is de-energized in the car due to the terminal you removed, disconnect the four ends of the high-voltage wires from the module terminals by hand and move them to the side so that they do not interfere

2) Then, when everything is de-energized in the car due to the terminal you removed, disconnect the four ends of the high-voltage wires from the module terminals by hand and move them to the side so that they do not interfere.

Note! By the way, when you disconnect the high-voltage wires, then also disconnect the wiring block from the module; for clarity, in the photo above it is indicated by a red arrow, and it is very easy to disconnect, just press the latch that secures it and then you can disconnect the block!

How to install and tension the timing belt

Place the timing belt on the crankshaft pulley.
By tensioning both branches of the belt, we put the rear branch on the pump pulley and wind it behind the tension roller.
We put the front branch on the camshaft pulley.
Tension the timing belt by turning the tension roller counterclockwise and inserting a screwdriver (as in the photo).
Tighten the bolt securing the generator drive pulley and turn the crankshaft by the bolt 2 turns clockwise.
We check the coincidence of the crankshaft and camshaft marks. If the marks do not match, repeat the operation to install the belt.

Lada Kalina replacement of spark plugs. magazine Behind the Wheel

We carry out the work on a cold engine.

On a 16 valve engine

A sharp jerk upward...

2302-3-2-09-02 (Copy)

...remove the plastic engine casing.

2302-3-2-09-03 (Copy)

By pressing the latch of the individual ignition coil wiring harness block, disconnect the block from the coil connector.

2302-3-2-09-04 (Copy)

Using the E-8 head we unscrew the screw securing the ignition coil...

2302-3-2-09-05 (Copy)

...and remove the coil from the spark plug well.

2302-3-2-09-06 (Copy)

Using a high 16mm socket with an extension (or a spark plug wrench), unscrew the spark plug.

When installing the spark plug, you must screw it in by hand to avoid damaging the threads of the spark plug hole in the cylinder head.

If the spark plug does not follow the thread, strong resistance to rotation will be felt. In this case, it is necessary to completely unscrew the spark plug and, after cleaning the threads, re-tighten it.

Finally tighten the spark plug to a torque of 25–30 Nm.

Attention! Over-tightening the spark plugs can damage the threads in the spark plug holes in the cylinder head. We replace the remaining spark plugs in the same way. Replace the remaining spark plugs in the same way.

We replace the remaining spark plugs in the same way.

On an 8-valve engine

2279-4-12-01 (Copy)

Remove the wire tip from the spark plug.

Remove dirt around the spark plug.

2279-4-12-02 (Copy)

Using a high 21mm socket with an extension (or a spark plug wrench), unscrew the spark plug.

When installing the spark plug, you must screw it in by hand to avoid damaging the threads of the spark plug hole in the cylinder head.

We finally tighten the spark plug to a torque of 31–39 Nm.

We replace the remaining spark plugs in the same way.

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Design and principle of operation of a typical ignition system

On the technical side, the ignition system is part of the engine electrical equipment complex. Structurally, it consists of the following elements:

Battery or other power source. It supplies a low voltage of 12 volts to the network.
Switch. When you turn the key, the switch closes and low voltage flows into the energy storage device.
Energy storage. There are two types: inductive (a transformer-type ignition coil that converts low voltage into high voltage up to 30 thousand volts) and capacitive (capacitor).
Energy storage and distribution control unit. Depending on the type of ignition system, this may be a chopper, a transistor switch, or an ECU (electronic control unit).
Distributor. This unit can be mechanical or electronic. It supplies certain candles with energy at a given point in time.
High voltage circuit wires. They supply high voltage to the electrodes of the spark plugs.
Spark plug.

The operation of the ignition system is based on the following principle: when low-voltage voltage is supplied to the network, energy is accumulated and converted, which is then distributed among the spark plugs, on the electrodes of which a spark is formed, provoking the ignition of the air-fuel mixture.

Selected aspects of technical operation

Often spark plugs fail due to a power surge or short circuit. As a result, the spark does not travel properly throughout the system. A number of other circumstances can cause a similar problem:

the car was damaged in an accident;
replacement of spark plugs may be required after lightning strikes the car;
poor-quality previous repairs;
use of non-original spare parts;
failure to comply with technical inspection deadlines at the service center.

The ignition system can be damaged in any part of the circuit, so monitoring must be careful. It all starts with checking that the winding is properly connected to ground. It is necessary to carefully insert the contacts, focusing on the indicators of the device. Then one of the contact terminals of the device is connected to the central contact of the spark plug coil. In this case, the second contact is attached to ground.

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If an infinity symbol is visible on the multimeter screen, this indicates that there is no short circuit in this area. This should tell the car owner that the ignition circuit is in perfect order. Car owners without sufficient experience in car maintenance should be guided by the following fact. If, in addition to the infinity icon, there remains a “1” on the monitor, which was there before connection, this indicates that the section is working properly.

Replacement of spark plugs may be required if there is an open ignition in the primary circuits of the module. The device is connected to the module contacts located at the edges. In this case, the stability of the indicators on the device screen indicates that there is a problem in the Kalina ignition switch

If the fault could not be detected here, then at the next stage the car owner should pay attention to the secondary winding of the module

Take a 16-cell ignition module. and rotates so that both wire ends are facing you. A diagnostic tool is connected to the terminals of the 4th and 1st cylinders. If the faults do not manifest themselves here, then it is necessary to check the 2nd and 3rd cylinders in the same way.

How to check the serviceability of the ignition coil?

Malfunctions lead to unstable engine operation and the inability to start the car. The module's task is to generate high-voltage pulses and transmit them to the spark plug (SZ). The plus of the unit receives + 12V power from the on-board network, the minus is taken from the car body.

Ignition coil for Lada Kalina

Transformers are controlled by a controller using powerful transistor valves. It receives a reference signal from , on the basis of which the firing sequence of the coils in the block is calculated. In addition, the controller uses information about rotation speed, coolant temperature, power unit load (mass air flow), crankshaft position and the presence of detonation. The system has no moving parts, so it does not require maintenance or adjustment.

Main signs of device malfunction:

reduction in engine power;
engine operation intermittently;
intermittent idling;
incorrect operation of paired cylinders.

If the above symptoms appear, you need to check the unit for serviceability. The cause of misfire may be the spark plugs themselves (video author - In Sandro's garage).

Tester for verification

Checking winding short circuit

Checking the extreme conclusions

Checking secondary windings

Basic faults

There can only be three main faults with the timing belt:

In the first case, the belt may simply delaminate, as evidenced by dangling reinforcing threads. In addition, belt teeth are often cut off. These problems are the result of mechanical damage, improper adjustment:

The tension roller is designed to tension the belt by rotating around its own eccentric axis. If it is not adjusted correctly, the belt may be too tight, which will sooner or later render it unusable. The same problem will occur if the belt is loose.

The most unpleasant surprise, especially on the road, is a broken timing belt. In this case, the engine will immediately stall, and it will be possible to start it only by installing a new belt.

The procedure for checking the short circuit

So, there are signs of a malfunction, you should check it.

First of all, the coil must be dismantled. For this you will need:

prepare a ten-point socket wrench;
disconnect the terminals on the battery;
open the protective casing covering the motor;
press the locking device out of the plastic, disconnect the wiring from the coil terminal;
remove the fastening bolt;
pull out the ignition coil.

An inspection is now underway. It should not show any cracks, melts or leaks on the caps and body parts. Only slight smokedness is allowed. Electrics can be checked in several ways. Having installed a working spark plug, we check the device for the presence of a “spark” on the car body. If there is no spark from the coil, then it is quite possible that the short circuit has lost its functionality. In such a situation, you should check the gap in the spark plugs. All work should be performed with rubberized gloves to completely prevent contact of the body or tool with the car body or engine. The fact is that the coil is capable of generating voltage in the range of 20 - 40 kV. Another option is to remove the coil and install it on a good cylinder on another car to perform a drive test. If the short circuit is faulty, it will immediately appear. The third method is instrumental.

The main reasons why the ignition coil breaks are considered to be high temperatures or overheating, which contribute to the formation of cracks. There is a high probability of short circuit failure due to the accumulation of moisture or the formation of corrosion, frequent switching on of the ignition without subsequent starting of the engine, prolonged overloads when an unsuccessful attempt to start the engine.

Checking the ICP with a spark gap

Procedure

Disconnect the IKZ from the spark plug.
Install a spark gap on the IKZ.
Apply ground (from the battery terminal) to the spark gap using a wire.
Turn the crankshaft with the starter.
If there is a spark, then the IKZ is working.

Let us remind you that you can find a problem in engine operation by independently measuring the pressure in the fuel rail, or by checking the compression in the cylinders.

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