In order to better understand the operation of car systems, as well as promptly eliminate any problems that may arise during the operation of the Lada Priora, this information may be useful to you. After all, by understanding the basic car error codes, you can make your car life much easier.
To test panel error codes on a car, you need to press the “reset daily mileage” button, without releasing it, you need to turn on the ignition. After which, all familiar positions will be displayed on the indicator, and the speedometer, tachometer, fuel level indicator and other instruments will show values on their scale from minimum to maximum and back. This is an independent test, as well as a visual check of the instruments and indicator.
Self-diagnosis using BC
The owner can identify the main error codes of Priora 8 and 16 valves using the built-in controller and on-board computer (BC), without resorting to the services of car service diagnosticians. To do this, you must activate the vehicle testing option. The arrows on the instrument panel move to the maximum possible position. Further manipulations are performed in the following sequence:
- The ignition is turned off and the daily mileage reset button is activated. Then the ignition is turned on again with the button held down;
- After this, all the icons on the instrument panel should light up, and the arrows of the control devices should begin to move from zero to maximum values. This behavior indicates the normal functioning of all sensors;
- On the right steering wheel switch there is a key for selecting BC functions. After pressing it, information about the software category will appear on the display;
- You should press this button again, combinations of problems will be displayed on the monitor. If necessary, error information is also reset here. To do this, hold down the mileage reset button for a few seconds.
Main indicators
The Priora dashboard contains twenty-four visual elements. When the ignition is turned on, all warning lights on the dashboard turn on briefly. Thus, the on-board computer (in the future, possibly BC) checks their serviceability. This is not a mistake, as some novice car enthusiasts think.
On the Priora shield, from left to right, there are four largest elements in the form of graduated semicircles.
- The first scale is the tachometer scale, the purpose of which is to measure the engine speed. The values are shown in two colors: white (normal) and red (dangerous). If the instrument needle falls into the last gap, then the Priora’s engine is in danger.
- The second scale is a visualization of the car's speed - the speedometer.
- The third graduated semicircle indicates the current antifreeze temperature. If the indicator needle hits the area with red numbers, the Priora should be stopped in order to avoid boiling in the cooling system.
- The fourth semicircular scale of the Priora dashboard reflects the fuel level in the tank. When the arrow hits the area with red scale divisions, the yellow indicator lights up. It is located slightly lower and is depicted in the form of a gas station. This means that Priora has been transferred to the reserve level of gasoline consumption.
The following indicators are located at the bottom of the panel from left to right.
- Check signal, or Check Engine. This indicator lights up when a breakdown occurs in the engine and displays Priora errors on the instrument panel.
- Lights up when there is a problem with the clutch system.
- Signals that a certain airbag is disabled.
- Indicates that an accident has occurred with the brake system.
- If the passenger's seat belts are not worn, this indicator will illuminate.
- BC screen.
- It beeps and lights up if there is a malfunction in the immobilizer system.
- Airbag failure indicator.
- Indicator of the operation of external lighting devices: low beam or dimensions.
- Lights up when the high beams are turned on.
- Failure indicator in the electric amplifier.
- Alarm when the emergency lights are on.
- Reset button.
In the middle of the panel, two on the left and on the right, there are four signal elements:
- displays errors that occur in the brake force distribution system;
- battery low indicator;
- indicator of emergency, reduced lubricant pressure in the engine;
- a signal that the Priora has the handbrake on.
On the dashboard of the Lada Priora, under the speedometer, there is a functional element, which is a bot computer screen. It contains information received from sensors and devices, and indicates the mileage for the current day and for the entire period of operation of the Priora.
Code meanings for self-diagnosis
Using the on-board computer, the driver can determine the following faults:
- Code “ 2
” – excessive voltage in the on-board network. To eliminate it, you need to check the main electrical circuits; - The number “ 3
” indicates a malfunction of the fuel control indicator; - «4
» – problems with the refrigerant temperature sensor; - The number “ 5
” means incorrect operation of the environmental indicator; - Code “ 6
” means engine overheating; - «7
» – critical lubricant pressure; - The number “ 8
” indicates a malfunction in the brake system; - «9
» – signals that the battery is low; - The " E
" symbol indicates a problem with the packet data.
It is worth noting that if the BC options switch key is inactive for more than 10 seconds, the instrument panel will return to normal operation.
Dashboard indicator symbols
| No. on the diagram | Indicator designations |
| 1 | Tachometer. The device measures the engine crankshaft frequency (revolutions per minute). If the arrow goes beyond the red value, it means that the Lada Priora engine is operating in a dangerous mode; |
| 2 | Brake force distributor indicator. Reports defects in the operation of this node; |
| 3 | Battery charge. If the lamp lights up while the engine is running, the battery is discharged; |
| 4 | Left turn signal. The sign flashes when there is an alarm or the left indicator is on; |
| 5 | Speedometer. The device reports the speed at which your Lada Priora is currently moving; |
| 6 | Emergency lubricant pressure in the engine. If the sign lights up during operation of the power plant, it means the pressure in the system is low; it is highly not recommended to operate the engine in this condition; |
| 7 | Right turn signal (see No. 4); |
| 8 | Handbrake indicator. Lights up yellow if the Lada Priora is in the handbrake; |
| 9 | Antifreeze temperature in the cooling system. The operating temperature of the motor starts from 90° and above to the red mark. If overheating occurs, turn off the engine; |
| 10 | Gasoline level in the tank. If the fuel level approaches the minimum, the fuel pump may break; |
| 11 | Reserve gasoline level. The indicator lights up when there are less than 10 liters left; |
| 12 | Key for resetting the daily mileage and switching between display modes; |
| 13 | Alarm. If you have triggered the emergency lights, the lamp will flash along with the turn signal arrows; |
| 14 | Malfunctions in the electric amplifier. If defects appear in the EUR, the lamp will light up while the engine is running; |
| 15 | High beam designation. An active indicator indicates that you have switched to distant; |
| 16 | Outdoor Lighting. The system notifies the driver about the operation of the headlights or low beams; |
| 17 | Airbag malfunctions. If the lamp lights up after starting, then there is a high probability that the airbags will not deploy in a collision; |
| 18 | Immobilizer. An audible signal and flashing indicate that the immobilizer system is faulty; |
| 19 | Computer screen. Here you can view information from the bookmaker, as well as find out the total and daily mileage; |
| 20 | Indication of unfastened seat belts. The buzzer will signal a violation for 90 seconds; |
| 21 | The brake system is in disrepair. Most often these are worn pads or insufficient fluid in the system; |
| 22 | Disabling a specific airbag; |
| 23 | Indicator of defects in ASB operation, the braking system is operating normally; |
| 24 | Check Engine – there is a breakdown in the engines; diagnostics and subsequent repairs are urgently required. |
Checking with a plug-in tester
More accurate and comprehensive diagnostics can be performed using a connected computer or a special tester. However, the data displayed on the screen is alphanumeric. The letters have the following meaning:
- P
– errors in the operation of the electronic systems of the power unit; - C
– problems with the functioning of the chassis; - B
– electronic malfunctions in the cabin; - U
– joint system errors.
In addition, the number 0 means OBD code 2, numbers 1 and 2 indicate the enterprise code, and 3 is the backup password.
Basic ignition system
(the letter P precedes the digital designation):
- 0300
– no spark in the cylinders of 16 valves; - 0326
– defect or short circuit in the knock indicator circuit; - 0337
– difference of the crankshaft controller to ground; - 0343
– high level in the headlight sensor circuit 0342 – a similar low indicator; - 0422
– signaling device malfunction; - 0444, 0445
– failure of the adsorber valve; - 0480, 0481
– problems with the fan assembly.
VAZ online stores, discounts for site users
Catalog of VAZ online stores by category:
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Online stores for VAZ accessories
Armrests, route on-board computers, radar detectors (radar detectors), acoustic components, automotive electronics, windshield wiper blades, shelves and podiums, antennas, chargers, stroboscopes, octane correctors, compression meters, voltage converters, etc. Website Description Discount for Lada2111.rf users
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Why does it occur: reasons
The reason for the appearance of the number on the display is rarely clear without a detailed analysis of the issue; there is only general information. But, according to the experts, the options are as follows:
- The greatest probability is due to a malfunction of the coolant temperature sensor.
- Further in descending order - the circuit with this sensor could break.
- Due to external influences (accident, shock, etc.), the control unit system sometimes malfunctions and generates an error.
- Plaque on the device may contribute to loss of contact.
Such reasons will not be a serious stumbling block to free travel, and will not make your wallet noticeably empty. Each of the points is completely solvable, both independently and at a service station, you just need to allocate time and a little effort for this.
How to check on the on-board computer
To carry out a check on the on-board computer, you need to insert the ignition key and simultaneously hold down the button that resets the daily mileage. When the correct actions are performed, all elements on the LCD will light up. And the arrows (speedometer, tachometer, etc.) will begin to quickly and continuously move from zero to the maximum indicator and back. Already here you can see how good the LCD indicator and sensors are.
Next, you can use one of the buttons that switches the functions of the bookmaker. As a result, a set of numbers will appear on the display indicating the version of the program currently installed. Now you need to apply pressure on the key again, then the error codes that are available in this car will appear there.
If you need to reset information from the LCD, it is best to press the button for three seconds, which resets information about mileage during the day. Now it's time to return the light to the sensors and use one of the BC keys. Due to the lack of impact on the system, after about half a minute the instrument panel will return to working condition.
Practical guide
The car is equipped with an on-board computer, information from which is displayed on a liquid crystal display located on the instrument panel. The on-board computer control buttons are located on the right steering column switch.
Right steering column switch : 1 — RESET button; 2 — key for switching display modes (the upper part of the key is switching back, the lower part of the key is switching forward)
Troubleshooting
There are several methods for troubleshooting the problem, but together they constitute a complete diagnosis of the car for faults in the coolant temperature sensor. After all, error number 4 gives a signal about exactly this. You can fix it like this:
- First we check the sensor to see how well it functions. It copes with the assigned tasks, there are no complaints about the speed and clarity of data transmission - let's move on to the next point. Does not respond to signals - most likely, it is completely broken and requires replacement.
- This is followed by checking for contact and absence of plaque. If a problematic connection is identified, the sensor will have to be replaced with a new one. And if the surface is covered with plaque, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the seat.
- Now you can move on to the on-board circuit, make sure that there is contact there.
- The remaining dilemmas usually lie in electronics, for this reason the car is taken to a specialist who can adjust the device. Usually in such a situation the ECU is re-flashed, which means that errors are prudently reset.
conclusions
Finding and eliminating the cause of error 4 on the Lada Kalina turned out to be quite easy. Although deciphering error codes requires special knowledge, the necessary information can be found in this article.
As in any electrical/electronics, there are no miracles, only bad contacts. If there is a sensor malfunction, then there is a circuit from the sensor to the computer. There is a malfunction somewhere.
I have a Kalina 1118, as described in the article - this is a common mistake on viburnums, but I have never had one like this, not even my friends. I myself have installed the Delta CEP, all errors are clearly described and it is not difficult to find a solution on the Internet.
Everything is written correctly. But everyone forgets what a gigantic percentage of parts are defective. Personally, only the third sensor from the store worked for me.
Error 4 appeared occasionally a couple of years ago. Then it disappeared. For the last year it has been on constantly. But nevertheless, the device on the panel shows the temperature correctly... I tried to remove it, it lights up again and again... I gave up on this matter and just drive on... All systems work fine and ok... I tell everyone that it is on because it works engine…
There are two temperature sensors in Kalina and the one that gives readings to the tidy is located a little lower than this one, which is discussed in this article...
the device on the panel (arrow) is controlled by another sensor
Perhaps the wiring connected to the sensor has broken, and hence the emergency mode with increased fuel consumption.
I have the same problem. But here's the pies... I checked everything, the whole system is working, the sensor was replaced, the fan works when it heats up. But the check is on. I'll probably have to flash it...
We forgot another option for this error to occur, it is a bad mass, or rather a parasitic influence on the computer on board due to mass from other systems. In the harness that goes to the computer there is a twist of masses, they need to be untied, as you look for on the Internet.
Hello, Vladimir Did you have such a problem when the engine overheated above normal? I changed the thermostat, pump, cylinder head gasket, but the problem does not go away.
It pops up periodically......I remove the negative terminal for 2-4 minutes. True, you have to restore the settings of the clock and radio. But in general it can be jammed... if the cooling system is working properly
For the third day now the check light is on, it shows error “4”, I reset it, then reset the terminal, but it didn’t help, it’s still on
Masses see 100%
You need to connect through the test connector and look at the real code, for me the error on panel 4 turned into code P0343.
Good afternoon, evening, morning, whatever suits you. I would like to share a little information that I have thanks to the use of a Kalina car with a simple 8-valve engine. Once... or twice... or a season... in general, I encountered a popular problem that spoils the mood of many - the car “lived its own life.” The revolutions do not float like a child. While you're driving, it seems like nothing, but if you stop at a traffic light... there's a guard. She herself holds one and a half thousand, two, two and a half. I tried everything. First, I changed two sensors at once - dhx and dpdz. Nothing changed. Then I bought the same sensors only from a different manufacturer, in the hope of thinking that they were defective (both two and only I got the fool) in general, it didn’t help either. I went to different auto specialists (we have two in total), did diagnostics, just don’t forget to fix it, as they say. I even changed the firmware. Everyone threw up their hands! And the car continued to live its own life... Then, out of my mind, I changed all the sensors in a circle, including even the DMRV (the most expensive one). But nothing has changed. I was desperate. For two months this problem bothered me - you fly on the highway, it twitches; the consumption is crazy; you drive around the city and everyone shys away from you... I started sinning on the computer... Probably the khan came to him since the problem was global, but there were no errors!))) (I’m smiling now, then I wanted to cry). Issue price 11
Decoding errors
Each error code consists of five characters. The last two characters indicate the serial number of the specific error.
The first character changes based on the fault system in the car:
- P – malfunctions in the operation of the power plant or defects in the operation of the gearbox.
- U – disruption of interaction between system units.
- B – electric lifts, airbag and other defects in body systems.
- C – faults associated with the EUR.
- 3 – reserve;
- 1 and 2 – manufacturer codes;
- 0 – general code for on-board diagnostics.
The third character indicates the nature of the malfunction:
- 1 and 2 – inform about the appearance of defects in the operation of the fuel system or malfunctions during the air supply;
- 3 – breakdown in the ignition system;
- 4 – additional control;
- 5 – incorrectly operating components in idle mode;
- 6 – electronic unit, as well as its circuits;
- 7, 8 – gearbox malfunction.
Instrument panel of Lada Priora: general information on symbols
Domestic cars such as the Lada 2170 are extremely in demand among domestic consumers due to their low cost and budget maintenance. Among the benefits, one can also highlight its disadvantages - the Priora’s tidy is not the most reliable element of the car, which necessitates frequent intervention in the electrical part of the car.
The dashboards of cars from different years of manufacture are almost identical. The symbols on the board of the 2013 version differ little from their 1st and 2nd generation counterparts. Here are signs indicating identical faults and corresponding to similar indicators.
Error 1602
If the standard on-board computer of the Lada Priora 16 valves showed error 1602, then this indicates that the on-board voltage in the controller has decreased.
As practice has shown, this error 1602 does not affect the performance of Priora in any way.
If you remove the terminal from the battery, the problem disappears for a while, but it will definitely appear again. There may be more than one reason for this error to appear:
- Generator malfunction. To determine accurately, you need to measure its voltage in operating condition, it should be within 14 V.
- A large voltage drop when starting the engine also leads to this error. First of all, you need to check the ground and the ECU.
- This error code also appears when the security system blocks one of the electrical circuits.
What do the icons on the Priora dashboard mean?
There is a separate group of icons indicating the presence of breakdowns and malfunctions within the vehicle’s on-board systems. The emblems are displayed in the space surrounding the main instruments. The following is a transcript of the signs with photo accompaniment.
| Icon | Decoding |
| If the car with the key is flashing, this indicates a malfunction or lack of response from the immobilizer. To fix the problem you need to check the block. | |
| An exclamation mark surrounded by brackets blinks on the dashboard, indicating a malfunction in the brake system or ABS. A similar indicator located slightly higher may indicate an incorrectly pumped brake system. | |
| The electric power steering is faulty or defects have been detected in the operation of the mechanism. Mostly installed on cars after 2011 model year. | |
| Failure in the wiring or units responsible for controlling the airbags. If the icon lights up after starting the engine, the specified element may not work under shock load. | |
| Seat belts are not fastened. Can also be red. At the same time, it is accompanied by a sound signal. | |
| The passenger airbag is not activated or is faulty. Usually lights up when the engine starts. | |
| If the indicator blinks constantly, this indicates a battery failure or critical discharge. | |
| An urgent check of all engine systems is necessary - a critical malfunction has been detected. |
The reasons why these icons may light up always require driver intervention. Ignoring machine signals can cause serious damage.
Depending on the year of manufacture and configuration, the interpretation of the instrument panel indicators may differ. The exact definition can be found in the vehicle's service manual.
Error p0504
Many drivers do not understand what the appearance of code p0504 on the display means. This error appears when the brake pedal sensor is faulty. To determine the exact reason for the appearance of this code, you need to disassemble the sensor and carefully examine it. Perhaps one of the springs has burst or the contacts have simply burned out. In some cases, error p0504 on a Priora appears due to the incorrect position of the brake pedal sensor. It must be installed in the correct position, then error p0504 will disappear.
State traffic police fines number
Attention! For the fines checking service to work correctly, enable JavaScript support in your browser. Loading the fine search system Fines are being searched! the process may take several minutes
Good afternoon, dear reader.
I propose to consider another way to find out traffic police fines by state. number that recently appeared on the official website of the traffic police.
I would like to immediately remind you that earlier on pddmaster. ru several articles were published talking about other ways to find out fines: “Find out the debt on traffic police fines” and “Find out the debt through the public services portal.” However, the method that will be discussed below differs significantly from those discussed in previous articles.
Its peculiarity is that to obtain information about fines you do not need to know your driver’s license number, you just need to indicate the state license number. car number and registration certificate number. However, first things first:
Features of checking fines on the official website of the traffic police
Like any modern foreign car, the Lada Priora has many different sensors installed. The condition of important vehicle systems depends on their correct operation. The problem is that if some sensors fail, the Priora can continue to move. Faults of this kind can lead to increased fuel consumption, unstable engine operation, and increased wear of parts, but the car will drive, and you will only find out about the fault when it means you have to make expensive repairs.
In order not to go into the engine compartment with a multimeter, the Priora has a controller that allows you to check faults using a special tester, a plug-in or built-in on-board computer. In order to diagnose the systems, just press 2 buttons and look at the error codes.
Error p0422
This error informs the owner of the Priora that the effectiveness of the neutralizer has been reduced below the permissible level. Practice shows that error p0422 appears on the screen of a 16-valve Priora quite rarely, but if it does happen, you must:
- Inspect the catcollector. Its body must be free of mechanical damage.
- If any defects are found, it must be replaced.
- If the cause of error p0442 is not in this element, you need to contact specialists, since in some cases the catalytic collector will need to be re-flashed.
What to do if your car has trouble starting?
Hi, my car is a 2003 Daewoo Nexia, 1.6 engine, 16 valves. I have a problem starting, I turn the ignition key and the starter does not work, I start pressing the key and after a few clicks the car starts. The retractors were replaced and the electrician said he would pop the flywheel crown. The fact is that I also have a 55 AM battery, in severe frosts my battery ran out and I installed a powerful one and the car started up perfectly and there were no problems, maybe the mistake was repeated a couple of times a week. Tell me what it could be, I changed the contact group on the ignition switch, there are no changes, I just have doubts that it’s the flywheel. (Alessio)
Hello Alessio. If you have doubts about the flywheel, then for a more thorough diagnosis it is best to contact another specialist. But we have every reason to believe that the cause of your problem is the battery, especially considering that with a more powerful battery, your Nexia booted without problems. Try to check the performance of the battery yourself - we have already described this process, you will succeed, even if you have never encountered such a task.
More detailed instructions are described. It is also quite possible that the reason lies in the starter; this is a fairly common problem on the Daewoo Nexia. We also wrote about starter malfunctions, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with this material.
> Video “DIY startup diagnostics”
Find out how to control the unit at home from the video below (author - HF Autoelectric channel).
Error p1558
It often appears when the throttle valve is not operating correctly, the quality of which leaves much to be desired. It does not interfere with the proper functioning of the engine, but you should still try to remove it. Some people prefer to solve this problem by flashing it, but there is another way.
To do this, you need to remove the throttle valve, disassemble it and lubricate the plastic gear, which is the working part of this element. In most cases, after lubricating the gear, error p1558 disappears.
What to do if the radiator fan does not work?
My car does not have an engine with a radiator. Help me to understand! (Kairat)
As far as we know, your problem is a non-functioning radiator fan. If yes, then first you need to diagnose the expansion tank cap - make sure that its valve is working, if not, you need to replace the cap. If this does not help, check the operation of the thermostat (if the lower radiator hose is cold, the thermostat needs to be replaced).
If these steps do not help, check the condition of the fuse. Find the mounting block in the car and open the cover - on the back there should be an image of a diagram with the purpose of all safety elements. If all the parts are intact, then you need to check the fan itself - it is connected directly to the battery, if it turns on when connected, then it is working.
If your car has a ventilation device activation controller, diagnostics are carried out as follows:
- On carburetor engines, it is necessary to close the contacts of the regulator located in the radiator itself. If the fan turns on when closing, this means the regulator is working.
- On injection engines, the connector is disconnected from the controller located next to the thermostat. Since the device is controlled from the control panel, it should automatically activate in emergency mode. If yes, then the regulator is not working (the author of the video is the channel Dmitry Sherstnev).
Another possible cause could be an open circuit. Conduct diagnostics of all contacts and also try to find a break; for this you will need a diagram, which should be in the service book.
Self-diagnosis
Once the main code errors have been studied, you can perform self-diagnosis of the car. The Lada Priora has a special controller that allows you to perform diagnostics. If an on-board computer is installed in the car interior, then diagnostics are performed with its help. In addition, there is special equipment that allows you to more accurately perform this procedure.
Diagnostics begins with activation of the test mode. The procedure is performed as follows:
- Turn off the ignition and hold down the mileage reset button, then turn it on again without releasing the button.
- When the ignition is turned on, all components located on the instrument panel will begin to glow. All devices will begin to move to the maximum mark, and then back. This behavior of the car indicates the beginning of the diagnosis.
- Next, we move on to the right steering wheel switch, on which there is a button for switching the settings of the on-board computer. After clicking on it, an information message with the software version will appear on the screen.
- After pressing the button again, error diagnostics will begin. Error codes will appear on the display, which can be deciphered using the corresponding table.
- Once the diagnostics are complete, you can reset the error data. To do this, hold down the mileage reset button for five seconds.
Failures in the idle speed system (IAC) and ESC
- P0500 - speed sensor is broken.
- P0506 - very low engine speed at idle.
- P0507 - too high speed at idle.
- P0511 - the XX regulator network is faulty.
- P0560 - BS voltage is below the minimum threshold.
- P0562 - very low voltage in the BS.
- P0563 - very high voltage in the BS.
- P0601 - ROM checksum error.
- P0615 - the wires of the additional starter relay are broken.
- P0616 - the same wires are shorted to ground.
- P0617 - they shorted at the BS.
- P0627 - the fuel pump relay wires are broken.
- P0628 - the same wires are shorted to ground.
- P0629 - they shorted it to the BS.
- P0645 - break in the wiring of the air conditioning compressor clutch relay.
- P0646 - the same wiring has shorted to ground.
- P0647 - she shorted to BS.
- P0650 - Malfunction indicator light circuit does not operate.
- P0654 - Tachometer control circuit is faulty.
- P0685 - the main relay electrical wire is broken.
- P0686 - the same electrical wire has shorted to ground.
- P0687 - he shorted it to the BS.
- P0691 - the electrical wiring of the fan control relay is shorted to ground.
- P0692 - the same wiring has shorted to the BS.
Note: in cases where the computer displays error codes that indicate a break in the electrical wiring of a device, before troubleshooting the problem and purchasing spare parts, you must first see if the electrical wiring plug has come out of the connector of the corresponding device. Such incidents happened. Testers and computers are, of course, good, but nothing can replace the eyes of a car enthusiast. Good luck with the repair.
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ABS fault detection
You can find out about problems with the ABS by looking at the indicator light on the instrument panel. If it lights up for no reason or does not go out after the required period of time, you need to go to a service station and undergo computer diagnostics. Modern Priora ECUs have a diagnostic connector through which you can easily connect a portable scanner or a stationary motor tester.
All ABS electronics are connected to the mechanical part of the car, so only an experienced diagnostic technician can accurately determine the error that the system produces. ABS error codes start with 0035 and end with 0800. In order to deal with them correctly and determine the reason for the light bulb to light up, you need to have a table of error decoding on hand or resort to qualified help.
