Electrical diagram of Lada Niva (carburetor).

Power supply for electrical equipment

Electrical equipment installed on Niva receives power from the main elements of the system:

• if the engine is not running, the current is supplied by a battery installed in a special compartment;
• As soon as the power unit starts, the electrical alternator takes over control. It is equipped with all necessary protection mechanisms, a rectifier and an electronic output voltage regulator.

The battery, which is used when the engine is turned off, begins to restore its charge when it starts and does not take part in any processes.

Operating principle

The cooling system of VAZ Niva models does not come into contact with the atmosphere in operating condition, and therefore requires pressure. The coolant is antifreeze with a freezing point of 40 degrees Celsius. The composition of the solution is water and ethylene glycol. The total volume of the cooling circuit is 10.7 liters. Antifreeze can boil after a temperature of +110 degrees Celsius.

The main functional unit in the system is the thermostatic valve, which distributes the coolant flow depending on the engine temperature. The thermostat, controlled by a temperature-sensitive sensor, regulates the direction of movement of antifreeze. A simplified work flow looks like this:

In summer and during transition periods in models with an injector, the movement of the cooler is limited by a special tap. The Niva Chevrolet model does not have such a blocker, so the heating is turned off by directing the air flow past the heat exchanger.

Fuses used in the electrical circuit of the Niva 2121 car

Fuses are used to protect almost all electrical circuits in the system.

In the event of a short circuit, they instantly burn out and open the connection, turning off the protected equipment.

The use of fuses on the Niva 2121 car has a number of its own features:

• All electric motors of the gearmotors that control the windshield wipers are reliably protected by fusible inserts that can be reused. They are of the bimetallic type and operate fully automatically;
• to minimize the risk of a short circuit in the equipment circuit, fuses with a wire with a cross-section of 1 mm are used to supply power to the fuel injection system. Such inserts burn out instantly, opening the network and completely eliminating spontaneous combustion;
• circuits of equipment such as a battery, ignition and engine starting systems, and a generator do not need protection, so fuses are not integrated into them at all;
• the power supply system to the electric cooling radiator fan is protected by an insert that can withstand current and more amperes;
• the electric fuel pump, optical equipment, electric fan motor and other high-power consumers are connected to the on-board network through a special relay equipped with its own fuse and do not require any additional protection;
• 15 amp fuses are installed to protect the electrical circuits of the electronic control unit, fuel pump and main relay of the fuel injection system.

About standard engine protection

The Niva is designed primarily for off-road driving or very bad roads. This leads to regular landings “on the belly”, hitting the ground and stones. The standard crankcase protection for Niva 21214 is a curved metal plate 2-3 mm thick. Several fins and holes are provided for additional engine cooling.

In reality, according to reviews from most drivers, when driving on real off-road or deep snow, the ventilation clogs instantly. If you do not clean it regularly, then after a while a dense layer of mud will form between the crankcase and the protection. It leads to additional heating of the engine. In addition, the factory protective plate will save the maximum from soft ground. It can only withstand a blow against a large stone.

Therefore, it is strongly recommended to replace the standard crankcase protection with a professional one from a store or make it yourself. Some models consist of one element, others - of two (1 plate for the engine, 2nd for the gearbox and underbody). There are three materials for making parts, each of which has its own characteristics:

• Iron or steel. Factory version of the tread, which actually does not fulfill its purpose during aggressive off-road driving. It is cheap, but is present under the crankcase purely nominally.
• Aluminum (duralumin). The plate is 4-5 mm thick, but at the same time significantly lighter than its iron counterpart. The material does not rust and is practically not subject to corrosion; it does an excellent job of cooling and protecting the engine. A significant disadvantage is that the cost is almost 2 times higher than factory models.
• Composite The material provides maximum “armor”, not much heavier than duralumin plates. The main problem is the price (the average price tag is 8,000 rubles).

Fuse location

All fusible links used in the electrical circuit of the Niva 2121 car are divided into two groups.
They are located in the fuse boxes located under the dashboard to the right of the driver's seat. You can easily find a description of each of these safety devices, as well as their technical characteristics, in your vehicle's owner's manual. If any electrical equipment in your car has failed, the first thing you need to do is check that the fuse is working properly. To do this, it is very important to follow the following safety rules:

• Before replacing the fuse link, it is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause of its failure;
• In no case should you install fuses that do not meet the requirements of the car manufacturer;
• It is strictly forbidden to close the contacts of the inserts with any metal objects;
• Do not remove fuses from the block using a screwdriver or knife without first turning off the power supply.

In the figure below you can see a detailed diagram of the location of the fuses of the Niva 2121 car, as well as the connections of all electrical equipment.

Chevrolet Niva spare parts stores in Moscow

You can select the part you are interested in for Chevrolet NIVA Chevrolet NIVA cars and order and purchase spare parts in Moscow online, as well as install them in one of our service centers according to the standards of an official dealer

Specify the make, model and VIN number of the car for a more accurate selection of spare parts or select it from the garage.

Indicate the catalog numbers of spare parts or simply write down which spare parts you need in a list, and our specialist will select the correct numbers, check prices and availability.

Pay for your order online or in our offices upon receipt. Pick it up at a car dealership convenient for you in Moscow.

SCHEME VAZ-2121

SCHEME VAZ-2121

VAZ 2121 “Niva”, developed and produced since 1979.

Electrical diagram of VAZ-2121:

1. Headlights, 2. Headlights, 3. Headlight cleaner motor, 4. Horn, 5. Headlight washer motor, 6. Windshield washer motor, 7. Generator, 8. Side turn signal, 9. VAZ-2121 battery, 10. Heater motor, 11. Additional resistor for heater motor, 12. Windshield wiper relay-breaker, 13. Starter, 14. Windshield wiper motor, 15. Carburetor limit switch, 16. Carburetor solenoid valve, 17. EPHH control unit , 18. Switch, 19. Spark plugs, 20. Distributor (ignition distributor, 21. Oil pressure sensor, 22. Temperature sensor, 23. Carrying socket, 24. Ignition coil, 25. Brake fluid level sensor, 26. Relay for turning on wipers and headlight washer, 27. Rear window heating relay, 28. High beam relay, 29. Low beam relay, 30. Ignition relay, 31. Starter relay, 32. Differential lock lamp switch, 33. Exterior lighting switch , 34. Cigarette lighter VAZ-2121, 35. Brake light switch, 36. Reverse light switch, 37. Turn signal and car alarm relay breaker, 38. Main fuse block, 39. Additional fuse block, 40. Backlight lamp heater levers, 41. Rear fog lamp switch, 42. Rear window heating switch, 43. Heater motor switch, 44. Rear window wiper and washer switch, 45. Hazard warning switch, 46. Ignition switch, 47. Air control lamp carburetor flap, 48. Instrument lighting control, 49. Steering column lever switch, 50. Carburetor flap warning lamp switch, 51. Rear window washer motor, 52. Door lamp switch, 53. Interior lamps, 54. VAZ-2121 instrument cluster, 55. License plate lights.

Maintenance Tips

The factory instructions require troubleshooting the ignition system in the following sequence:

1. From the ignition switch (terminal 15), connect the wire to the coil (terminal +B) to a test lamp;
2. Connect its negative terminal to ground;
3. Turn on the ignition - turn the key in the lock to position “II”;
4. If the control lamp lights up, then the circuit is working. If not, look for damage to the wire;
5. With the ignition on, pull out the central wire from the coil from the distributor;
6. Bring its metal tip to the cylinder block so that a gap of 3-4 mm forms between them;
7. Turn on the starter for a few seconds;
8. If the spark jumps, the coil is working.

Ignition system

The operation of the internal combustion engine installed on the VAZ 2121 car is based on a classic scheme, a video of which is shown in driving courses:

1. The generator produces electric current;
2. The ignition coil increases its power;
3. The ignition distributor supplies electrical impulses to the spark plugs when the piston reaches TDC;
4. The spark plugs ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine cylinders.

The photo shows the following components:

1. From pos. 3 to 12 – ignition coil and its structure;
2. From pos. 13 to 20 – spark plug;
3. From pos. 21 to 42 – ignition distributor (distributor).

For reference: The distributor slider, which is responsible for closing the contacts with the high-voltage wires going to the spark plugs of each cylinder, is shown separately. In the diagram presented, it is indicated by pos. 41-45.

Engine modernization

The all-wheel drive transmission of the VAZ 2121, in addition to significant advantages, also had domestic disadvantages. In particular:

1. Fuel consumption was quite high compared to passenger cars (13.4 liters per 100 km in urban conditions and off-road);
2. This was reflected in operating costs - the price of 1 km was much more expensive for the owners. And the power of the existing engine was insufficient for harsh off-road conditions.

For reference: the automaker, by modernizing the existing engine, increased its technical parameters. In particular, the volume increased from 1480 cubic meters. cm up to 1680 cc see Cars with such a power unit received the factory index VAZ 21214.

An increase in engine displacement and the use of a non-contact ignition system led to the need to modernize the electrical circuit in the engine compartment. Replacing the VAZ 2121 wiring solved this problem completely.

Ignition system modernization

Since the high-voltage coil is traditionally responsible for the sparking power, the automaker has made changes to its operation. In particular, the wiring on the VAZ 2121 was supplemented with a harness that connected the switch and other components of the ignition system.

This factory manual contains:

1. Ignition switch acting as an electrical circuit switch with pins 30/1 and 15;
2. Ignition relay with pins 85,86,30 and 87;
3. Switch with 6-pin terminal block;
4. Upgraded ignition coil with terminals “B” and “K”;
5. Distributor (ignition distributor);
6. Candles.

Off-road tuning

To operate the VAZ 2131 as an SUV, you need to install a special winch, thanks to which you can overcome obstacles on shallow land, as well as a snorkel to operate the engine underwater. This will help you easily pull out a car stuck in the mud. For lifting on the road, the VAZ is equipped with off-road wheels. By the way, the easiest way is to go to a tire shop and calmly prepare the wheels for any off-road rides.

Equipping your car with electric power steering will make driving easier. The suspension can be equipped with a gas-oil shock absorber and a driveshaft. If you apply tuning to the chassis of the car, this will improve and strengthen the performance of the suspension. Continuous contact with the road will be ensured by installing good shock absorbers.

This type of car has a key feature: it has a program for engine control. This not only allows you to significantly save fuel consumption, but also makes the car more dynamic.

Various modifications to both the appearance of the car and its interior, as well as bringing the technical characteristics to perfection, will make the car stand out from the gray cars and make it the ideal partner of its owner. The work on changing and re-equipping a car should be carried out by professionals who will choose the right path to change the properties of the car for the better.

And then a video of a tuned Niva 2131 versus a Gelendvagen off-road:

Dashboard

For subsequent modifications of the VAZ 2121, the instrument panel was thoroughly redesigned. In particular, the design and location of the warning lamps have changed, and new scales have appeared on the instrument panel indicators.

Conclusions: the owners of the VAZ 2121 car often serviced it themselves. And servicing electrical systems is impossible without original circuit diagrams. This was especially true for modernized versions, where changes were made to the operation scheme of components and assemblies.

Rework/replacement of dashboard

Not so often, but still among Niv owners there are those who do not ignore such “noticeable parts of the interior” - such as the instrument panel, dashboard and the instruments themselves. Which, in turn, can either be slightly modified (for example, changing the color of the scales or the backlight of standard sensors), or completely replaced with others, both from domestic cars and parts from foreign cars.

How to make a dashboard with your own hands?

The process of making a homemade dashboard from plywood is literally “on the knee”.

This instrument panel can be purchased from sellers of tuning parts and accessories. It seems that the choice of alternative plastic dashboards for the VAZ-21214 in online and online stores is relatively large. And if you search, you can find some pretty decent panels.

Often, fans of tuning a domestic SUV decide to completely replace the dashboard or instrument panel with appropriately sized panels from foreign cars. And more often than not, such a replacement is completely justified. Since, in addition to a clear improvement in the visual perception of the interior, comfort and ergonomics are significantly improved.

Additional devices

Usually, when it comes to tuning the dashboard and dashboard, it is quite common to install additional auxiliary sensors and instruments. Moreover, these can be not only purchased tuning devices, but also instrument indicators from other car models. And not necessarily foreign cars. Spare parts from domestic cars are often used.

conclusions

The modification of the VAZ 21213 Niva undoubtedly benefited him. The new engine and improved ignition system have made its operation even easier and more confident in harsh conditions.

Of all the car accessories, the most essential one is a wallet.

Much has been written about how timely the first domestic SUV with a monocoque body turned out to be. Even more was expressed by the owners of the Niva car themselves, who practically deified its capabilities. All they needed for operation was the availability of spare parts and instructions for servicing the vehicle.

The popularity of the model is difficult to overestimate - 28 years in service